Umujyi wa Musanze: Bise inkorabusa abateye ibiti bizaba inganzamarumbo, munsi y’insinga z’amashanyarazi, mu mwobo wa sentimetero eshanu

Bamwe mubakora isuku mu duce tunyuranye tw’umujyi wa Musanze, baherutse kubwira umunyamakuru wa Virunga Today wari ubanyuzeho bari mu kazi, ko batunguwe bakanatangazwa n’ibikorwa by’abarimo gutera ibiti mu mujyi wa Musanze, kubera uburyo byatewemo butatuma birenga umutaru ndetse n’ibyaramuka biwurenze,  bikazirimburwa ku mpamvu zumvikana, bakaboneraho kwemeza ko akazi kakozwe ari imfabusa.

Impungenge z’abakozi basukura umujyi wa Musanze

Kuri uyu wa gatanu ushize, taliki ya 05/12/2025, ubwo yatemberaga mu bice byaho bita mu kizungu mu mujyi wa Musanze,umunyamakuru wa Virunga Today  yageze hafi y’Urwibutso rwa Musanze, ahasanga abakozi basanzwe bakora isuku mu mujyi maze ababaza iby’imyobo mito yatewemo ibiti yabonaga hafi yabo, ababaza niba aribo ba nyiri iki gikorwa cyo gutera ibiti mu mujyi wa Musanze.

Aba badame bagera kuri babiri bamusubije ko atari bo, ko ariko ababikoze bose bakoze umurimo wa nikize kuko ibiti byatewe bizagorwa no gukura kandi ko nibishobora kujya ejuru bizarimburwa byanze bikunze.

Bagize bati:” Birashoboka ko ibi biti byatewe mu muganda, ariko ababikoze bose  babikoze bikiza kuko bagiye bakubita isuku imwe bagateramo igiti muri ibi byatsi, ikindi kandi ibi biti ubwoko bwabyo ni bumwe n’ubwa kiriya giti giteye kuri BNR, kizaba inganzamarumbo, ntabwo bakagombye kubitera munsi y’insinga za REG, kuko byanze bikunze REG izabaitema nibiramuka bisatiriye izi nsinga zabo nk’uko iherutse kubigenza mu bice bya Yaounde, aho bita kwa Placide, kandi na hano k’Urwibutso badusabye gutema imikindo yari ihari kubera insinga zabo imikindo yatangiye gusatira, igikorwa cyabo rero ni nkaho cyabaye imfabusa.”

Uyu munyamakuru yihutiye kubaza aba badame icyari gikwiye gukorwa maze bamusubiza muri aya magambo: ”  Akarere kakagombye kuba karatwihereye ikiraka tukabanza gucukura imyobo ifite ubujakuzimu n’ubugari buhagije bwo guteramo ibiti, ubundi aba baje mu muganda bakaza bashyiramo ibiti no gusubiranya, hanyuma ibiti byo byakagombye kuba byarashyizwe hirya  y’izi poto hirindwa ko zazasatira izi nsinga.”

Umunyamakuru yahise  abwira aba badame ko insinga zitera ibibazo ari zirya zishishuye naho izifunitse zirimo gukoreshwa henshi muri iki gihe ko  nta kibazo zigira n’ibiti uko byaba bireshya kose,  maze bamusubiza ko ntacyo babiziho ko ariko ibiti byatemwe i Yaounde ndeste no k’ Urwibutso byari munsi y’insinga zifunitse.

Uretse no kuba izi ngemwe zaratewe nabi ahantu  hadashobotse, aba badame ubona ko bamenyereye ibikorwa byo gutera ibiti, banabwiye umunyamakuru ko n’ingemwe ubwazo zidafite ubuziranenge, ubuto bwazo bukaba butatuma zihanganira ibirimo izuba cyangwa imvura zigomba guhura nabyo zigiterwa.

 

Impungenge zifite ishingiro

Umunyamakuru wa Virunga Today wari umaze kugezwaho impungenge z’abakozi b’isuku ku bijyanye n’imikurire y’ibiti byatewe mu mujyi wa Musanze,amaze no kumenya ko koko ubwoko bw’ibiti byatewe ari bumwe n’ubw’igiti cyo kuri BNR, yihutiye kujya kugenzura niba izi mpungenge zifite ishingiro maze asura urubuga www.truffaut.com,  rukunze kwandika ku bijyanye no gutera amashyamba no kuyitaho, rwamuhaye amakuru y’ingenzi ku bijyanye n’iterwa ry’ibiti.

I.Ibijyanye n’ingano y’ingemwe nziza zo guterwa 

Nk’uko tubisoma kuri uru rubuga, ngo ngemwe z’ibiti biterwa ziba zifite ingano zitandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko bw’igiti, ariko hari ingero rusange zifashishwa mu buhinzi  bw’amashyamba.

1. Uburebure bw’ingemwe

– Ibiti by’imbuto (nk’amapera, avoka, mangwisi): ingemwe ziba zifite uburebure bwa 30–60 cm mbere yo guterwa.
– Ibiti by’amashyamba (nk’inturusu, grevillea, eucalyptus): ingemwe ziba zifite uburebure bwa 40–80 cm.
– Ibiti bikura gahoro (nk’imyembe, amacunga): akenshi biterwa bifite uburebure bwa 50–100 cm kugira ngo bimere neza.

2. Imizi n’ubutaka bufashe imizi, root ball

– Ubunini: root ball igomba kuba ingana n’imizi yose y’igiti, ikikijwe n’ubutaka buyifasheho.
– Ubugari: akenshi root ball iba ifite ubugari bwa 15–30 cm ku ngemwe ntoya, naho ku ngemwe nini ishobora kugera kuri 40–60 cm.
– Ubujyakuzimu: root ball iba ifite ubujyakuzimu bwa 20–40 cm, bitewe n’ubunini bw’igiti.

Icyitonderwa

– Ingemwe igomba kuba ifite imizirire myiza (imizi itazenguruka mu gikapu cyangwa mu gicunda).
– Root ball igomba kuba ifashe neza ubutaka kugira ngo imizi itangirika igihe igiti gicukuwe cyangwa gitewe.
– Uburebure bw’ingemwe bugomba kuba buhagije kugira ngo igiti kibashe guhangana n’izuba n’imvura nyuma yo guterwa.

3.Imyobo yo guteramo ibiti itegurwa mbere y’ukwezi cyangwa amezi 2 mbere yo gutera

Ibi ni ibyo dusanga kuri uru rubuga bakaba bemeza ko iyo witegura gutera igiti nk’inturusu, gucukura imyobo mbere y’igihe ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubutaka bubone umwanya wo guhumeka no kwitegura imizi.

Koko rero ngo iki gihe gitumba ubutaka buzaterwamo igiti buhumeka neza, ifumbire ishyizwemo ikabona umwanya wo kubora no kwivanga n’ubutaka ndetse n’umwobo ukamererwa neza ukabona amazi n’urumuri mbere yuko igiti giterwa.

Mu gihe cy’imvura ho ngo  akenshi imyobo icukurwa mbere y’itangira ry’imvura, kugira ngo igihe cyo gutera kigeze, ubutaka bube bworoshye kandi bufite amazi ahagije naho mu gihe cy’izuba  imyobo icukurwa  hakiri kare bigafasha ubutaka kutumagara cyane.

Nyuma yo gucukura, ushyiramo ifumbire y’imborera cyangwa igitaka cyiza, ukabisiga mu mwobo kugeza igihe cyo gutera.

4.Ingano y’umwobo uterwamo ibiti

Buri giti kigira ingano y’umwobo wihariye bitewe n’ubwoko. Ariko muri rusange, hari ingero zisanzwe zifashishwa mu gutegura imyobo yo gutera ibiti:

1. Ibiti by’ishyamba (nk’inturusu, eucalyptus, grevillea)

– Ubujyakuzimu: hagati ya 60–80 cm
– Ubugari: nibura 60–80 cm, cyangwa inshuro 2–3 ubugari bw’imizi (root ball)
– Impamvu: imizi y’ibiti by’ishyamba ikura cyane, ikeneye umwanya munini wo kwinjira mu butaka bushya.

2. Ibiti biribwa (nk’imyembe, avoka, amapera, amacunga)

– Ubujyakuzimu: hagati ya 50–70 cm
– Ubugari: hagati ya 60–100 cm bitewe n’ubunini bw’ingemwe
– Impamvu: ibi biti bikenera ubutaka bworoshye kandi bwuzuye ifumbire kugira ngo bikure neza, bitange imbuto.

3. Arbustes (ibihingwa bito cyangwa ibiti bitari birebire cyane, nko ku giti cy’ipapayi, ibiti by’imitako)

– Ubujyakuzimu: hagati ya 30–50 cm
– Ubugari: hagati ya 40–60 cm
– Impamvu: imizi y’arbustes iba mito, ntikeneye umwobo muremure cyane, ariko igomba kubona umwanya wo gukwirakwira.

Icyitonderwa

– Mwobo ugomba kuba mugari kurusha root ball kugira ngo imizi ikure neza.
– Shyiramo ifumbire y’imborera cyangwa igitaka cyiza mu mwobo mbere yo gutera.
– Ntukashyire igiti hasi cyane; igice cy’imizi kigomba kuba ku rwego rumwe n’ubutaka bwo hejuru.
– Nyuma yo gutera, fukisha neza ubutaka hanyuma ushyireho amazi ahagije.

II.Iterwa ry’ibiti habungabungwa ibikorwaremezo

Mu mijyi, iterwa ry’ibiti rigomba guhuza n’ibikorwaremezo (amazi, amashanyarazi, imihanda) kugira ngo ritabangamira imikorere yabyo. Icy’ingenzi ni uguhitamo amoko y’ibiti, intera n’uburyo bwo kubitera ku buryo imizi n’amashami bidahungabanya imiyoboro cyangwa inzira.

 Ibintu by’ingenzi byitabwaho mu gutera ibiti mu mijyi

 Ubwoko bw’ibiti
– Mu mijyi, batoranya ibiti bifite imizi mito cyangwa idakwirakwira cyane (jacaranda, palmier) ahegereye imiyoboro y’amazi n’amashanyarazi.
– Ibiti bifite imizi ikura cyane (nk’eucalyptus) ntibigomba guterwa  hafi y’ibikorwaremezo.

– Ibiti bigomba guhitwamo ku buryo amashami atazagera ku miyoboro y’amashanyarazi cyangwa ngo bikore igicucu gikabije ku mihanda.
– Ibiti birebire cyane biterwa kure y’imihanda n’imigozi y’amashanyarazi.

Intera n’ubujyakuzimu bw’imizi
– Ibiti bigomba guterwa ku ntera ihagije uvuye ku miyoboro y’amazi, imihanda n’imigozi y’amashanyarazi, Intera hagati y’igiti n’ibikorwaremezo igomba kubahirizwa (akenshi 2–3 m uvuye ku muyoboro cyangwa umuhanda).

 Imiterere y’umuhanda n’imiturirwa
– Ku mihanda, ibiti biterwa ku ntera yagenwe kugira ngo bitabangamira abagenzi n’ibinyabiziga.
– Mu turere tw’imiturirwa, batoranya ibiti bitanga igicucu cyiza ariko bitabangamira inyubako cyangwa imiyoboro.

 Kubungabunga nyuma yo gutera
– Hakorwa gusukura no kugabanya amashami kugira ngo ibiti bikure neza ariko bitabangamira imiyoboro.
– Hakenewe igenzura rihoraho kugira ngo imizi n’amashami atazangiza ibikorwaremezo.

Muri make :

Hafi y’imihanda haterwa ibiti bifite imizi mito, amashami atabangamira inzira urugero  Jacaranda, Flamboyant

Hafi y’imiyoboro y’amazi haterwa  Ibiti bitagira imizi ikura cyane  Inturusu, Palmier

Hafi y’imigozi y’amashanyarazi haterwa  Ibiti bigufi cyangwa bifite amashami yoroshye kugabanya Grevillea, Acacia

Mu busitani bw’imiturirwa , Ibiti bitanga igicucu ariko bidakwirakwira cyane , Mango, Avoka, Papaye

III.Abatekisiye b’akarere nibo bakagombye kuryoza igihombo cyatejwe  akarere

Ubwo yari yari yitabiriye umuganda wo gutera ibiti mu murenge wa Rugabano, akarere ka Karongi , mu kwezi k’Ukwakira uyu mwaka, Minsitre  w’Intebe Dr Justin Nsengiyumva yavuze ko ibiti 60% byangirika nyuma yo guterwa,  asaba buri wese kubigiramo uruhare kugira ngo umubare w’ibiti byangirika nyuma yo guterwa ugabanyuke.

Ni imibare isa niyatunguye benshi bahise babara ibihombo biterwa n’iri yangirika ribaho ibiti bitaratera kabiri. Mu buryo bworoshye bwo kubara iki gihombo umuntu yatanga urugero ko mu gihe igihugu cyagira ingengo y’imari igenewe gutera ibiti ingana na miliyoni magana abiri, miliyoni ajana na makumyabiri zose. ziba imfabusa bitewe n’iri yangirika kandi nyamara rishobora gukumirwa.

Nk’ubwo ntabwo byumvikana ukuntu akarere gafite abatekinisiye banyuranye baminuje mu bijyanye n’amashyamba,  katinyuka gutangiza umushinga bivugwa ko uzasiga umujyi wa Musanze utewemo ibiti miliyoni 5 hagamije kuwubungabunga, byarangira mu ntangiriro zawo, ugakoresha ingemwe zidafite ibipimo bisabwa, n’aho zigomba guterwa ntihategurwa ku buryo bwiza hanyuma n’ikindi, ukajya kubijugunya munsi y’insinga z’amashanyarazi no hafi y’inzira z’abanyamaguru, bizwi neza ko bitari kera izi ngemwe cyangwa ibiti byazo bazngizwa ku buryo bworoshye ku mpamvu zumvikana.

Tubabwire kandi ko uretse uyu mushinga wavuzwe wo gutera ibiti miliyoni 5 mu mujyi wa Musanze, uyu mujyi wari waratewemo hambere ibiti by’imikindo n’ibindi biti by’ubwoko bunyuranye, ariko magingo aya umubare utari muto wabyo  warangiritse ndetse n’ibyarusimbutse bikaba byiganjemo ibyagwingiye kubera kutitabwaho bihagije.

Abahanga mu bijyanye n’amashyamba n’imiterere y’ibiti, bemeza kandi ko bene ibi biti byiganjemo imikindo cyangwa ibindi nk’ibyo bita arbuste, nta bushobozi buhagije bifite byo kuyungurura umwuka duhumeka, bityo hakaba hari hakwiye guhitwamo ibiti bigaba amashami ngo habungwabungwe ubwiza bw’umwuka wo muri uyu mujyi wa Musanze udasiba kuzamurwamo amazu y’imuturirwa ndetse ukaba ukomeje kuganwa n’abatabarika kubera iterambere mu nzego zose zikomeje kurangwamo.

 

Umwanditsi : Musengimana Emmanuel