Menya itandukaniro rya Crise cardiaque (Heart attack), Arret cardiaque (Cardiac arrest) na Insuffisance cardiaque (Heart failure)

Umutima ni urugingo rw’umubiri wacu rufite umurimo wo gukwirakwiza amaraso mu mubiri bityo umubiri ukabona oxygene, umwuka mwiza duhumeka, n’intungamubiri nkenerwa ngo dushobore kubaho. Ni urugingo rw’ibanze ku mubiri kuko igihe rudakora ubuzima burahagarara, rwaba rudakora neza nabwo bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’umubiri. Bihababanye n’ibyo benshi ku Isi bazi, bibwira, umutima nta ruhare na ruto rugira mu gutekereza, mu kugaragaza amarangamutima, mu gukunda…., ibi byose bikaba bigengwa n’ubwonko.
Umutima ukunze kwibasirwa n’uburwayi bunyuranye kandi imfu zikomoka ku ndwara z’umutima ( maladie cardio vasculaire) nizo nyinshi ku Isi. Imibare ya OMS igaragaza ko izi ndwara zihitana buri mwaka abagera kuri miliyoni 27.7, ni ukuvuga 31 % by’imfu zose ziboneka buri mwaka ku Isi.

Ikinyamakuru Virunga Today, mu rwego rwo gukomeza guha ubumenyi bunyuranye abasomyi bayo, yifuje kubasobanurira itandukaniro ry’indwara 3 zibasira umutima, abantu benshi bakunze kwitiranya: Crise cardiaque, arret cardiaque na insuffisance cardiaque.

1.Crise cardiaque (infarctus du myocarde)

Kimwe n’urugingo urwo rwose rw’umubiri, umutima ukenera amaraso meza yuzuyemo oxygene n’intungamubiri bituma umutima nk’urugingo nyine, ubaho neza. Bavuga ko umuntu afite uburwayi bwa Crise cardiaque, igihe umutsi ugaburira amaraso witwa “artere coronaire” wazibye igice cyangwa wazibye burundu, bityo amaraso ntabe akigera mu bice by’inyama z’umutima, bityo hagakurikiraho kwangirika cyangwa gupfa burundu kw’inyama y’umutima.

Uyu mutsi uziba kubera ibirundo by’ibinure (plaque) biza kwirunda rwagati muri uyu mutsi, ibigabanya ubugari bwawo bityo ntube ukibashije kohereza amaraso ahagije mu nyama y’umutima (myocarde).

Ibimenyetso by’ubu burwayi harimo ububabare mu gatuza, kugira iseseme, kuzana ibyuya no kumva uremerewe  mu gatuza no mu mbavu.

Bimwe mu bituma ushobora kwibasirwa ( facteurs du risques ) n’ubu burwayi, harimo kunywa itabi, indwara y’umuvuduko ukabije  w’amaraso , umubyibuho ukabije, diabetes, kwicara igihe kirekire, karande yo mu muryango n’imiterere mibi mu tugirangingo tw’umuntu ( anomalie geneitale).

2.Arrêt cardiaque (Guhagarara k’umutima)

Bavuga ko habayeho arret cardiaque, igihe ku buryo butunguranye habayeho ihagarara ryo gutera k’umutima.  Muri icyo gihe haba habayeho ibibazo by’amashanyarazi  agenga itera ry’umutima ( systeme de conduction cardiaque) , ibituma umutima utera vuba kandi mu kajagari, bikarangira umutima uhagaritse gutera, amaraso ntabe akigera mu bice by’umubiri, no guhumeka bigahagarara.

Mu mpamvu zitera arret cardiaque ku bantu bakuru, harimo ibibazo byibasira  umutima n’imiyoboro y’amaraso harimo na crise cardiaque twavuze haruguru, 90% bafatawa n’iyi ndwara baka bayikomora kuri ibi bibazo by’umutima n’imiyoboro y’amaraso.

Mu bindi bitera ihagara ry’umutima, harimo kwicwa n’amazi, kunigwa, uburwayi burimo embolie pulomonaire…..

Ibimenyetso bigaragaza arret cardiaque harimo ububabare bukabije mu gatuza, guta ubwenge, kuzana ibyuya no kugira iseseme, umunaniro mu ngingo zose.

Igihe habayeho ihagarara ry’umutima, hitabazwa technique zo kubyutsa umutima ( reanimation,) kugira ngo amaraso yongere atembere mu bice binyuranye by’umubiri, bitabaye ibyo umuntu ahita atakaza ubuzima. Ibikorwa byo gutabara uwo umutima wahagaze ntibigomba kurenza iminota itanu bitaratangira uhereye igihe ikibazo cyatangiriye, atari ibyo , habaho ukwangirika kwa burundu  k’ubwonko kuganisha ku gutakaza ubuzima.

Mu bitera kwibasirwa na arret cardiaque harimo: Karande mu miryango, crise cardiaque, insuffisance cardiaque, imiterere itari myiza y’imitsi y’amaraso, indwara z’imitsi igaburira umutima.

3.Insuffisance cardiaque

Bavuga ko hari insuffisance cardiaque igihe umutima wabaye imbata yo kudashobora kohereza amaraso ahagije mu bice binyuranye by’umubiri kugira ngo bishobore gukora neza. Ingaruka z’ibi ni uko:
1.Amaraso aba menshi mu mutima no mu bihaha, ibituma habaho ibibazo mu guhumeka;
2.Ukugenda gake kw’amaraso n’igabanuka ry’amaraso mu mitsi, bituma amaraso yireka akanirunda mu mitsi, ibi bikongera imbaraga amaraso ku mitsi, ibituma amazi acengera mu bice by’umubiri birimo ibirenge bihita bitumbagana (oedeme);
3. Impyiko zihita zigira ibibazo ntizishobore gusohora amazi n’umunyu biba biri mu mubiri, ibituma ibirenge birushaho gutumba, n’ukwiyongera kw’ibiro gukabije mu gihe gito;

Impamvu za insuffiasance cardiaque harimo: crise cardiaque, umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso, imiterere y’umutima itameze neza,…..

Mu bituma habaho kwibasirwa na insuffisance cardiaque  insuffisance cardiaque harimo : Kunywa itabi, ibinure bibi byitwa cholesterol byirunda mu mitsi, umuvuduko w’amaraso, umubyibuho ukabije, diabete, inzoga nyinshi, ibiryo birimo umunyu mwinshi, kumara igihe kinini wicaye.

Muri make Crise cardiaque ibaho igihe habaye kuziba ku mutsi uzana amaraso meza mu nyama y’umutima, arret cardiaque akaba ari uguhagara gutera k’umutima naho insuffisance cardiaque ni ukugabanuka k’ubushobozi bw’umutima bwo kohereza amaraso mu bice binyuranye by’umubiri.

 

Twifashishije: www.coeuretavc.ca

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel