Byinshi wamenya kuri Groenland ikirwa bisa naho kitagira bene cyo, Trump ashaka kwitoragurira nyuma y’uburangare bw’Ubwami bwa Danemark

Mu gihe Isi yose yari igihugiye mu byabaye ku wahoze ari Perezida wa Venezuela watawe muri yombi akanajyanwa muri Amerika bitegetswe na Perezida w’Amerika muri operasiyo y’akataraboneka yakozwe n’ingabo z’Amerika, operasiyo yabaye mu ijoro ryo kuwa 3 rishyira uwa 4 Mutarama, Trump yongeye gutungura abatuye Isi, yemeza ko ageze kure umugambi wo kwigarurira ikirwa cya Groenland gisanzwe gicungwa na Danemark.

Koko rero kuri uyu wa 6/01/2026, ibiro bya Perrezida Trump byatangaje ko Trump arimo kuganira ku mahitamo atandukanye yo gufata ikirwa cya Groenland harimo n’ingufu za gisirikare. Trump ubwe ngo akaba yarabwiye abanyamakuru ati:” Turayikeneye ku mutekano wacu, Danemark ntishobora kubikora”.

Muri iyi nkuru turagaruka kuri byinshi mwamenya ku miterere y’iki kibazo, imiterere y’iki kirwa, intandaro y’icyifuzo cy’Amerika naho ibintu biganisha muri iki gihe!

Ikirwa cy’ubutita, kingana mu bunini na Congo, gituweho n’abarenga gato ibihumbi 56.

Ikirwa cya Groenland ni ikirwa kibarirwa mu bwami bwa Danemark, nicyo kirwa kinini ku isi, kikaba iguhugu cya gatatu mu bunini ku mugabane w’Amerika.

Groenland iherereye hagati y’inyanja y’ Arktika ( pole Nord) na Atlantika y’amajyaruguru. Nubwo gifite ubuso bunini cyane, abahatuye ni bake cyane kubera imiterere yo kuri iki kirwa.

Urebye imiterere yaho giherereye Groenland, ni igihugu cyo ku mugabane w’Amerika naho mu bijyanye n’imiyoborere kiri mu bwami bwa Danemark ku mugabane w’Uburayi.

Dore bimwe mu by’imgenzi biranga Groenland

1.Ubuso: hafi 2,166,000 km², hafi n’ubwa RDC ( 2. 344. 858 km²), incuro 82.2 ubw’ U Rwanda ( 26. 336 km²)

2.Iho iherereye: hagati y’inyanj y’ Arktika na Atlantika y’amajyaruguru, hafi y’amajyaruguru y’Amerika.

3.Igihugu kigenga: Groenland ni teritwari ifite ubwigenge bwagutse mu bwami bwa Denmark kuva mu 1979, kandi kuva mu 2009 yahawe uburenganzira burenze bwo kwifatira ibyemezo.

4.Imiterere y’ikirere n’ubutaka

Hafi 80% y’ubutaka bwa Groenland buriho urubura rukomeye (ice sheet) rufite uburebure bugera kuri 3 km ahantu henshi.
Ikirere: Ikirere cya Groenland gikunze kugira ubukonje bukabije. Mu majyaruguru ubwaho hageze ku bukonje bwa -30°C mu gihe cy’itumba naho mu mpeshyi bukagera kuri -10°C.

Imisozi n’inyanja: hari imisozi miremire, amafi menshi mu nyanja, n’inkengero zifite amafi n’inyamaswa z’inyanja.

5.Uko gituwe
Abaturage: hafi 56,000 gusa, bangana n’abatuye umurenge wa Cyuve/Musanze (mu 2025), Groenland ituwe n’abo bita Abanyagroenland (Greenlanders), abenshi muri bo ari Inuit (88%) b’aho gakondo, hamwe n’abaturuka muri Denmark n’abandi bake b’i Burayi.

Aba baturage abenshi batuye ku nkengero z’ikirwa, ahari amazi n’aho bishoboka: Nuuk, ni wo mujyi munini kandi uherereye ku nkombe z’amajyepfo y’uburengerazuba, akaba ariwo murwa mukuru w’iki gihugu.

Muri make Groenland ntituwe kubera

Igice kinini cy’ikirwa gikingiwe n’urubura, bigatuma ubutaka butabasha guhingwa.
– Ikirere gikonja cyane gituma ubuzima bugorana.
– Ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi bw’amafi n’uburobyi, ntibushobora gutunga abaturage benshi.

6.Indimi zivugwa kuri Groenland
– Kalaallisut (West Greenlandic): Ni yo rurimi rwemewe kandi rukoreshwa cyane.
– Hariho n’izindi ndimi z’Inuit: Tunumiisut (East Greenlandic) na Inuktun (Polar Inuit Greenlandic).
– Danish ikoreshwa mu nzego z’ubutegetsi no mu mashuri.
– Icyongereza gikoreshwa mu bucuruzi n’itumanaho mpuzamahanga.

Amateka ya Groenland

Amateka y’uguturwa kwa Groenland arangwa n’uruhererekane rw’abaturage baje ku kirwa mu bihe bitandukanye:

•Saqqaq culture (2500–800 mbere ya y’ivuka rya Yezu): Abantu ba mbere bazwi batuye mu Groenland, bakoresha ibikoresho by’amabuye bagatungwa no guhiga inyamaswa n’uburobbyi bw’amafi mu nyanja.Nyuma umuco wabo waje kuzima bararimbuka kubera imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

•Dorset culture (500 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu – 100 nyuma y’ivuka rya Yezu): Aba baje nyuma y’igihe kinini ikirwa kidatuwe. Aba Dorset bakaba barakomotse ku bantu ba kera b’icyitwa Pre-Dorset (Paleo-Eskimo) bari batuye mu majyaruguru y’Amerika (Arctic Canada na Greenland). Bari ba kabuhariwe mu gukoresha ibikoresho by’amabuye n’uburobyi, nabo babagaho mu buzima bwo guhiga no kuroba

•Aba Thule cyangwa Inuit (mu kinyejana cya 10): Abantu bakomoka mu majyaruguru ya Canada baje mu Groenland, ari bo bakurambere b’Inuit b’ubu.Nabo bari abahanga mu kuroba, guhiga, no gukoresha ingufu z’umuyaga n’inyanja mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

. Ba Viking (Abanyanorse) bageze muri Greenland mu myaka ya 980 bayobowe na Erik the Red, bashinga imidugudu ibiri (Eastern Settlement na Western Settlement) aho babaye imyaka irenga 400, batunzwe n’ubuhinzi, ubworozi, n’ubuhigi, ariko mu kinyejana cya 15 umuco wabo warazimye kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubukene bw’ubucuruzi, n’iterabwoba ry’indi mico.

Erik the Red niwe wise iki kirwa “Greenland”: igihugu cy’icyatsi ashaka gukurura abimukira baturutse muri Iceland n’i Norvège, kugira ngo bumve ko ari igihugu cyiza cyo guturwamo, nubwo cyari gikonje cyane.

.1721: Umupasiteri w’Umudanishi, Hans Egede, yoherejwe mu Groenland, atangiza kolonizasiya yemewe ya Danemark.

.1814: Nyuma y’amasezerano ya Kiel (mu Budage), Groenland yemejwe nk’igice cy’Ubwami bwa Danemark ni nyuma y’uko Norvège itandukanyijwe na Danemark.

Muri icyo gihe cy’ubukolonie, Groenland yakorerwaga ubucuruzi n’ubutegetsi bwa Danemark, abaturage b’Inuit batagira ububasha mu miyoborere.

•Nyuma y’Intambara ya II y’Isi, Groenland yabaye ahantu strategic, h’ingenzi, kuko Amerika yashyizemo ibirindiro by’ingabo. Muri icyo gihe kandi, habaye impaka ku burenganzira bw’abaturage b’Inuit, biganisha ku gusaba kwigenga mu buyobozi bw’imbere.

•Home Rule (1979 ) Ku wa 1 Gicurasi 1979, Danemark yemeye Home Rule Act. Bivuzebko byahaye Groenland ububasha bwo kwiyobora mu bintu byinshi by’imbere mu gihugu: uburezi, ubuzima, imiturire, n’imibereho, Danemark yo ikomeza kugenzura: ububanyi n’amahanga, ubutabera bw’ikirenga, n’umutekano.

•Self-Government Act (2009) Ku wa 21 Kamena 2009, abatuye Groenland bahawe Self-Government, bagira uburenganzira ku bukungu n’ubutaka, harimo amabuye y’agaciro n’uburobyi.Abaturage bemejwe nk’abantu bafite ubusugire bwihariye mu mategeko mpuzamahanga. Groenland kandi yahawe ububasha bwo kwihitiramo kwigenga burundu mu gihe abaturage babyemeje mu matora.
Kuri ubu rero abaturage ba Groenland bafite nk’ubuyobozi:
1. Naalakkersuisut (Government of Greenland): Ni guverinoma ya Greenland, Iyoborwa na Minisitiri w’Intebe, ikagira n’ abaminisitiri bashinzwe inzego zitandukanye (ubukungu, ubuzima, uburezi, n’ibindi). Noyo igenzura politiki z’imbere mu gihugu.

2. Inatsisartut (Parliament of Greenland): Ni inteko ishinga amategeko ya Greenland. Igizwe n’abadepite 31 bahitwamo n’abaturage, iyi nteko i genzura guverinoma, itora amategeko, kandi ifite ububasha bwo guhindura politiki z’imbere.

Ni mpamvu ki Danemark itigaruriye burundu Groenland

Hari abakomeje kwibaza impamvu Danemark yahisemo guha aba baturage ibihumbi 56 ubwigenge bwo gufata ibyemezo bikomeye bireba iki gihugu kiri mu binini ku Isi, none Trump akaba ari kukigera amajanja agaragaza nk’aho iki gice cy’Isi cyakomeje gupfushwa ubusa.
Hari impamvu ariko ibyo byabaye byatumye Danemark ihitamo kurekera ubu bwigenge abatuye Groenland.
Izo mpamvu ni izi :
1.Ubusugire bw’abaturage b’Inuit:
Kuva kera, Groenland yari ituwe n’abaturage b’Inuit bafite umuco n’ubuzima bwihariye. Mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, byari bisanzwe ko ibihugu bikomeye byigarurira ibice bifite abaturage bake, ariko mu kinyejana cya 20 haje gushyigikirwa ibyo guha aba baturage gakondo ubusugire n’ubwisanzure muri byose.

2.Politiki y’isi (decolonization):
Nyuma y’Intambara ya II y’Isi, hari igitekerezo gikomeye cyo guhagarika ubukoloni. Icyo gihe, ONU yashyizeho amategeko asaba ko abaturage b’ibice bikolonijwe bagira uburenganzira bwo kwihitiramo. Danemark ntiyashoboraga kwigarurira Groenland burundu mu buryo bunyuranyije n’iyo politiki.

3. Ibibazo by’Ubukungu n’ikirere kibi
: Groenland ifite ubukungu bushingiye ku mabuye y’agaciro n’amafi, ariko ikirere kibi cy’ubukonje bituma bitoroha kuwubyaza umusaruro.

Inyota y’Abanyamerika yo kwigarurira Groenland

Abanyamerika bamaze imyaka myinshi bagaragaza inyota yo kwigarurira Groenland, cyane cyane kubera aho iherereye mu majyaruguru y’isi n’ubutunzi bwayo.

Kuva mu 1867 kugeza n’ubu, USA yagiye isaba kugura ikirwa, ariko Denmark na Groenland bahora basubiza ko “ikirwa kitagurishwa.
Nk’ubwo:
– 1867: Nyuma yo kugura Alaska, USA yagerageje kugura Groenland ariko Denmark irabyanga.
– 1946: Perezida Harry Truman yatanze miliyoni 100$ ( hafi miliyari1.7 z’amadolari none) ngo agure Groenland, ariko Denmark yongeye kubyanga.
– 2019: Perezida Donald Trump yongeye kuvuga ko ashaka kugura Groenland, bikaba byateje impaka zikomeye hagati ya USA na Denmark.
– 2025–2026: Trump yongeye kugaragaza ko ashaka kugura Groenland “ku buryo bwose bushoboka,” avuga ko ari ngombwa mu mutekano wa USA. Denmark na Groenland basubije nanone ko iki kirwa kitagurishwa.

Dore impamvu abanyamerika bifuza kugira Groenland

1. Aho iherereye: Groenland ni ikirwa kinini cyane mu majyaruguru y’isi, kiri hagati ya Amerika n’Uburayi. Ni ahantu h’ingenzi mu mutekano wa gisirikare.

Kuri ubu, Amerika ifite ikigo kimwe gikomeye cya gisirikare muri Greenland kitwa Pituffik Space Base (cyahoze ari Thule Air Base),cyubatswe mu mwaka 1941 giherereye mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bwa Greenland.
Akamaro k’iki kigo kari mu rwego rwa:
. Geopolitics: Greenland iri hagati ya Amerika n’Uburusiya, bityo ikigo cya Pituffik gifite agaciro mu kurinda no kugenzura ibikorwa bya gisirikare mu majyaruguru y’isi.

. Ubwirinzi bwa misile: Amaradar y’iki kigo ni igice cya Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (Ballistic Missile Early Warning System :BMEWS ( urusobe rw’amaradar n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare byashyizweho n’Amerika (hamwe na NATO) mu gihe cy’Intambara y’ubutita kugira ngo babone hakiri kare ibisasu bya misile byaturutse mu Burusiya cyangwa mu majyaruguru y’isi.), ikaba ifasha kumenya ibitero bishobora kugerwaho hakiri kare.
. Ibyogajuru: U.S. Space Force ikoresha iki kigo mu kugenzura satellite no mu bikorwa byo gucunga umutekano w’ibyogajuru.

2. Ubukungu: Ikirwa gifite amabuye y’agaciro menshi (uranium, rare earths, amabuye ya diamanti, n’ibindi), bikaba byifuzwa cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Ikirwa cy’ingenzi ku gihugu cy’Uburusiya

Inzira za gisirikare: Uburusiya bufite ibirindiro bikomeye kuri Kola Peninsula (hafi ya Finland), harimo ICBM silos, ububiko bw’indege z’intambara, n’ubw’ubwato bwa kirimbuzi (nuclear submarines).

Bityo Greenland ibafitiye akamaro kubera Inzira z’ibisasu bya misile cyangwa indege ziva ku Kola zigana ku butaka bwa Amerika zishobora kunyura hejuru ya Greenland.

Ibi bituma Greenland iba ahantu heza ho kugenzura no kugenzura ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’Amerika.

Amakuru ya nyuma kuri iyi dosiye

Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Greenland Jens-Frederik Nielsen yatangaje ku mugaragaro ku wa 13 Mutarama 2026 ko “Greenland ihitamo Denmark” kandi ko nta gahunda yo kwinjira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ihari. Yagize ati:
Jens-Frederik Nielsen yagize ati:
“Turi mu gihe cy’ihungabana rya geopolitics. Niba tugomba guhitamo hagati ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Denmark, turahitamo Denmark. Turahitamo NATO, Ubwami bwa Denmark n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.”
– Ibi byagaragaje ko Greenland ishyigikiye gukomeza kuba igice cy’Ubwami bwa Denmark, aho gushyira imbere igitekerezo cyo kwinjira muri Amerika.

Twifashishije : Wikipedia.com

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel