Byinshi wamenya kuri MRI, ikoranabuhanga rihenze ariko ry’agatangaza mu gusuzuma indwara
Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga ryo gusuzuma indwara rikomeje gutera imbere, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ryabaye kimwe mu bikoresho by’ingenzi mu buvuzi bugezweho. Nubwo riri mu bikoresho bihenda kandi rikenera ibikoresho bigezweho, MRI ikomeje gukundwa n’abaganga n’abarwayi kubera ubushobozi bayo bwo gutanga amakuru arambuye kandi yizewe ku mubiri w’umuntu. Uko iminsi ishira niko ikoreshwa ryayo rigenda ryiyongera mu bitaro bitandukanye, kuko rifasha gusuzuma neza ibice by’umubiri bigoye kubona hakoreshejwe izindi nzira zisanzwe nka radiographie cyangwa CT scan. Umwihariko wa MRI ni uko itanga amashusho arambuye cyane ku bice by’umubiri bifite amazi menshi ( soft tissues) nk’ubwonko, imitisi, imikaya, umwijima, impyiko n’ibindi.
Muri iyi nkuru, abasomyi bazasobanukirwa na MRI icyo ari cyo, banamenyw Intambwe z’ingenzi mu mikoreshereze ya MRI.
MRI ikoranabuhanga ryifashisha ingufu za rukururuzi n’imiraba ya Radiyo
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ni uburyo bugezweho bwo gusuzuma indwara bukoresha rukururuzi ifite imbaraga nyinshi (magneti) hamwe n’imiraba ya radiyo (radiofrequency pulses).
Uko ikora bigenda mu byiciro bitatu:
1. Ishyirwa ku murongo wa za proton (Alignement des protons): Magneti ikomeye ituma proton (igice cy’atomu gifite charge positive) za hydrogen mu mubiri zishyira mu murongo umwe. Hydrogen ni ingenzi kuko iboneka henshi mu mubiri, cyane cyane mu mazi agize hafi 70% by’umubiri, bityo ikaba itanga protons nyinshi zifashishwa muri MRI.
2. Ishyirwa rwa za proton ku rundi rwego rw’ingufu (Excitation des protons): Imiraba ya radiyo yoherezwa n’antenna ziri mu cyuma (transmitter coils), igashyira proton mu rwego rufite ingufu nyinshi.
3. Isubira ku murongo wa mbere (Relaxation des protons): Nyuma y’uko imiraba ihagaritswe, proton zisubira mu murongo wa mbere, maze zikohereza ibimenyetso bya elektromagneti bifatwa n’antenna yakira (receiver coils), ibyo bimenyetso nabyo bikoherezwa muri computer ifite ikoranabuhanga rihambaye ibihindura amashusho arambuye.
Kubera ko ibice bitandukanye by’umubiri bifite ikigero cy’amazi gitadukanye, bitanga ibisubizo bitandukanye, MRI ibasha kugaragaza neza imitsi, imikaya, ubwonko n’ibindi bice bigoye kubona hakoreshejwe radiographie cyangwa CT scan.
Intambwe z’ingenzi mu mikorere ya MRI
1. Gutegura umurwayi: Abatekinisiye bareba niba nta bikoresho bikozwe mu byuma afite mu mubiri, kuko magneti ikomeye ishobora kubikurura cyangwa kubihindura. Umurwayi asabwa gukuramo ibintu byose bikozwe mu byuma, kandi ahabwa earplugs cyangwa headphones yo kumurinda urusaku rukomeye rw’icyuma.
2. Kwinjiza mu cyuma : Umurwayi aryama ku meza, akinjizwa mu cyuma ( MRI machine), igice gikeneye gusuzumwa gishyirwa muri axis y’icyuma (main magnetic field axis) kugira ngo gifatwe neza. Hari ubwo ahabwa contrast agent kugira ngo amashusho agaragaze neza.
3. Gufata amashusho : Icyuma gikora mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ryavuzwe mu paragraph ya mbere, hanyuma computer igahindura ibimenyetso amashusho arambuye. Iki gikorwa kimara hagati y’iminota 30 na 60, bitewe n’igice cy’umubiri gisuzumwa n’uburyo bwifashishijwe.4. Gusoza igikorwa: Umurwayi asohorwa mu cyuma, radiologist agasuzuma amashusho akayashyira mu nyandiko igera ku muganga.
