Dusobanukirwe na Alcohol poisoning:ihumanywa n’inzoga ku bazinywa ari nyinshi mu gihe gito

Kunywa inzoga ni ibintu bisanzwe ku bantu benshi, ariko hari igihe inzoga zishobora guhinduka poison (uburozi).

Iyo umuntu anyoye nyinshi cyane mu gihe gito, ashobora guhura n’ikibazo gikomeye kitwa Alcohol Poisoning (guhumanywa n’inzoga nyinshi mu mubiri). Ni ikibazo gishobora guteza urupfu rw’ako kanya, kandi gikeneye kumenywa no kwirindwa.

Bigenda bite ngo umuntu ahumanywe n’inzoga kugeza no ku rupfu rw’ako kanya

Iyo umuntu anyoye inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito:

– Absorption (kwinjira mu maraso): Ethanol ( alcool) yinjira mu maraso vuba binyuze mu gifu n’amara mato . Iyo inzoga ari nyinshi icyarimwe, amaraso yuzura ethanol mu gihe gito.

– Metabolism (uko itunganywa mu mubiri): Umwijima niwo uberamo imirimo yo gutunganya ethanol ikoresheje alcohol dehydrogenase (enzyme ifasha mu itunganya ry’ inzoga). Ariko ubushobozi bw ‘umwijima ni buke: ishobora gutunganya ethanol ku rugero runaka gusa mu isaha. Iyo inzoga zinyowe ari nyinshi cyane mu gihe gito, ethanol iguma mu maraso ku rugero rurenze ubushobozi bwa bw’umwijima bwo kuyitunganya iyihinduramo ibindi binyabutabire.

– Neurotransmitters (ubutumwa mu bwonko): Ethanol ikora kuri GABA-A receptors iyongerera ubushobozi (receptors z’ubwonko zifata ubutumwa bugabanya imikorere – inhibition, bigatera gusinzira no kutamenya aho uri). Byongeye kandi iyi ethanol igabanya ubushobozi bw’imikorere ya NMDA receptors (receptors z’ubwonko zifata ubutumwa bushyiraho imikorere – excitation, bigafasha gutekereza no kwibuka). Iyo GABA-A ikora cyane, ubwonko buratuza bikabije; iyo NMDA igabanyirijwe ubushobozi , ubwonko ntibuba bugifite imbaraga mu mikorere, gutekereza no kwibuka. Ibi byombi bigabanya ubushobozi bw’ubwonko bwo kugenzura guhumeka n’umutima.

– Systemic effects (ingaruka ku mubiri wose): Ethanol nyinshi igabanya ubushyuhe bw’umubiri (hypothermia – kugabanuka kw’umuriro w’umubiri), ihagarika gluconeogenesis (hypoglycemia – kugabanuka kw’isukari mu maraso), ikangiza umutima (arrhythmias – umutima utera nabi).

Impamvu z’urupfu rwihuse
– Respiratory depression (guhagarara k’ubushobozi bwo guhumeka): Ethanol nyinshi ikora ku brainstem (igice cy’ubwonko gigenzura guhumeka). Iyo respiratory centers zidakora neza, guhumeka bigenda bigabanuka kugeza bihagarara burundu.

– Cardiac arrest (umutima ugahagarara): Ethanol nyinshi ishobora gutera arrhythmias (umutima utera nabi) cyangwa kugabanya imbaraga zawo. Iyo electrical conduction system y’umutima ihungabanye, umutima ushobora guhagarara ako kanya.

– Aspiration pneumonia(kuruka bikajya mu bihaha): Ethanol ikuraho gag reflex (ubushobozi bwo kwirinda kuruka bikajya mu bihaha). Iyo ibirutsi byinjira mu bihaha, bihagarika guhumeka cyangwa bigatera.

– Hypothermia (umubiri ugabanuka ubushyuhe bikabije): Ethanol igabanya ubushobozi bw’umubiri bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo mu bwonko ubwo mu mutima no mu mpyiko (core temperature) bugabanutsw cyane, imikorere y’iyo myanya irahagarara.

– Hypoglycemia (isukari mu maraso igabanuka bikabije): Ethanol ihagarika gluconeogenesis muri liver. Iyo isukari mu maraso igabanutse bikabije, ubwonko ntibukibasha gukora, bigatera koma cyangwa urupfu.

Ubutabazi bukwiye gukorwa
Mu gihe habaye Alcohol Poisoning:
– Hamagara serivisi z’ubutabazi (emergency services) ako kanya.
– Ntukamureke yonyine; komeza umukurikirane.
– Muryamike ku ruhande kugira ngo amarutsi atinjira mu bihaha.
– Ntukamuhe ikawa cyangwa ibindi byo kumukangura; ntibikuraho ethanol mu maraso.
– Komeza kumugenzura kugeza abaganga bahageze.

Inama zo kwirinda Alcohol Poisoning
– Kwirinda binge drinking (kuyinywa nyinshi icyarimwe).
– Kumenya imipimo y’inzoga no kugenzura uko uyinywa.
– Kwirinda inzoga ziri mu bikoresho byo mu rugo (nk’isabune cyangwa ibindi bifite alcohol).
– Gutoza inshuti n’umuryango kumenya ibimenyetso by’ubutabazi.

Muri make:
Alcohol poisoning ni ikibazo gikomeye giterwa n’uko liver iba yararengewe n’inzoga nyinshi zanyowe mu gihe gito, bigatuma ethanol iguma mu maraso ku rugero rurenze. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku bwonko (binyozwa na GABA-A receptors no kubuzwa na NMDA receptors), ku mutima, no ku bushyuhe bw’umubiri, bikaba bishobora guteza urupfu rw’ako kanya. Kwirinda kunywa inzoga nyinshi icyarimwe no kumenya ibimenyetso byayo ni intambwe ikomeye mu gukumira ingaruka zayo.

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel