Iby’ingenzi wamenya kuri Radiographie, ubuhanga bumaze imyaka 120 bukoreshwa hafatwa amashusho imbere mu mubiri w’umuntu

Radiographie medicale, ni uburyo bufata amashusho y’imbere mu mubiri hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku mirasire.
Radiographie ikoreshwa hasuzumwa ibice by’umubiri birimo amagufa, ibihaha, igifu, ibere cyangwa se ibintu byinjijwe mu mibiri bivuye hanze n’ibindi.

I.Imirasire ya X na Radiographie

Imirasire ya X niyo yifashishwa muri Radiographie.

Iyi mirasire ni imirasire yihariye igize rayonnement electromagnetique ( imirasire ifite imbaraga itambuka mu kirere cyangwa mu kintu, ikaba ishobora kuba urumuri, ubushyuhe cyangwa imurasire ikoreshwa mu buvuzi),ifite ubushobozi bwo guca mu bice bitandukanye by’umubiri cyangwa ibikoresho.

Iyi mirasire irangwa no kugira ubwisubire (frequence) buri hejuru kuko buri hagati ya 3x10exp16 Hz na 3x10exp19 Hz,ibituma ziba zitwaye ingufu nyinshi ( hagati ya 100 eV na 100 KeV) ibituma zishobora kwambukiranya ibirimo ibice bikomeye akaba ari nayo mpamvu ikoreshwa mu gufotora ibice by’imbere mu mubiri.

Ubu bushobozi bwo kwambukiranya ( traverser) no kumirwa (absorber) n’ ibi bice bugenda buhinduka hakurikijwe ireme ry’ibi bice.

Ibi bivuze ko yi mirasire ishobora guca mu mubiri cyangwa mu kintu, igafata amashusho bitewe n’uburyo ibice bitandukanye biyitambamira.

Imirasire ya X yavumbuwe mu mwaka wa 1895 n’umuhanga w’umudage Wihelm Conrad Röntgen, akaba yaranabiherewe igihembo cya Nobel.
Iyi mirasire yiswe X kuko Röntgen atari azi neza, rugikubita ubwoko bwayo, nk’uko bimeze mu mibare.

Mu mwaka wa 1896: Radiographie yakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu buvuzi, ifasha gusuzuma amagufa y’abantu batabazwe.

Mu mwaka 1901: Röntgen yahawe igihembo cya mbere cya Nobel mu fiziki kubera iyo mvumbuzi ikomeye.

II.Uko Radiographie ikora

Dore uko Radiographie ikoreshwa

1. Umurwayi ashyirwa imbere y’imashini ibyara imirasire ya X ikoherezwa mu rugingo rusuzumwa;
2. Iyi mirasire imirwa, yakirwa ( absorbés) n’ibice ( tissus) by’uru rugingo ku buryo bunyuranye hakurikijwe ireme (densite) rya buri gice;
3. Imirasire yasigaye itamizwe yambukiranya uru rugingo ikakirirwa ahantu habugenewe ( film radiographique cyangwa capteur nimerique) hagahita hakorwa ishusho, ifoto);
4. Kuri iyi shusho, ifoto, ibice bikomeye nk’amagufwa byigaragaza mu mweru, naho ibice byorohereye bigafata ibara riva ku isine ( gris) kugera ku mukara.

III.Aho Radiographie ikoreshwa

1. Gusuzuma amagufa
– Imvune (fractures)
– Gukunjama kw’amagufa (deformations)
– Arthrose cyangwa indwara z’imikaya n’amagufa

2. Indwara z’ibihaha
– Pneumonie (umwuka mubi mu bihaha)
– Tuberculose
– Cancer y’ibihaha
– Kwinjira kw’amazi mu bihaha (pulmonary edema)
3. Mu buvuzi bw’amenyo
– Kureba amenyo afite ibibazo cyangwa ibibyimba
-Gutegura kubaga amenyo cyangwa gushyiramo implants

4. Gusuzuma ibibyimba cyangwa ibintu bitari bisanzwe mu nda, mu gituza, cyangwa ahandi hose hacyekwa ibibyimba

5. Mu gusuzuma abana bato
– Kureba uko amagufa akura
– Gusuzuma ibibazo by’imbere mu mubiri batabazwe.

IV. Ubwoko bwa Radiographie

Radiographie igizwe n’ubwoko bwinshi bitewe n’icyo igamije gusuzuma n’aho ikoreshwa. Dore ubwoko bukomeye bwa radiographie uko butandukanye:

1. Radiographie y’amagufa (Skeletal X-ray)
– Ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma:
– Imvune
– Kuvunika kw’amagufa
– Arthrite cyangwa izindi ndwara z’amagufa

2. Radiographie y’ibihaha (Chest X-ray)
– Igaragaza:
– Pneumonie
– Tuberculose
– Cancer y’ibihaha
– Ibibazo by’umutima (nko kwaguka kwayo)

3. Radiographie y’amenyo (Dental X-ray)
– Ikoreshwa n’abaganga b’amenyo mu kureba:
– Amenyo yabyaye ibibazo
– Imizi y’amenyo
– Ibibyimba cyangwa infection

4. Radiographie y’umutwe (Skull X-ray)
– Igaragaza:
– Imvune z’umutwe
– Ibibyimba
– Ibibazo by’imikurire y’amagufa y’umutwe

5. Radiographie y’umubiri wose (Full-body X-ray)
– Ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma:
– Imvune nyinshi
– Ibibazo by’imikurire y’umubiri
– Cancer yagiye ikwira mu bice byinshi

6. Fluoroscopy (Radiographie igaragaza ibintu bihinduka mu gihe)
– Igaragaza uko ibintu bitembera mu mubiri (nko amaraso, inkari, cyangwa ibiryo).
– Ikoreshwa mu:
– Gusuzuma impyiko
– Gukora biopsy ( gufata agace gato k’umubiri, k’urugingo kagakorerwa isuzuma).
– Gukurikira imikorere y’urusobe rw’amara

7. Mammography (Radiographie y’ibere)
– Ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma:
– Cancer y’ibere
– Ibibyimba
– Impinduka zidasanzwe mu turemangingo tw’ibere

8. Radiographie y’imyanya ndagagitsina (Pelvic X-ray)
– Igaragaza:
– Imikurire y’amagufa yo mu nda
– Ibibazo by’imyanya ndangagitsina
– Ibibyimba cyangwa impinduka zidasanzwe

V.Ibyiza bya Radiographie

1. Ntivuna umurwayi (non invasive)
– Umuganga abasha kureba imbere mu mubiri nta kubaga cyangwa kubangamira umurwayi.

2. Itanga amashusho yihuse
– Radiographie ifata amashusho mu gihe gito ( Hagati y’iminota 5 na 15) , bikagabanya igihe umurwayi ategereje ibisubizo.

4. Irahendutse kurusha izindi tekinoloji
ugereranyije na CT scan cyangwa IRM, radiographie irahendutse kandi iboneka henshi, nko mu mavuriro mato.

5. Ikoreshwa ku bantu bose
– Abana, abantu bakuru, n’abatwite (mu gihe bikenewe cyane kandi bigenzuwe) bashobora kuyikorerwa.

VI. Inzitizi mu ikoreshwa rya Radiographie

1. Ikoresha imirasire ya X-ray (radiation)
– Imirasire ikoreshwa ishobora kugira ingaruka ku turemangingo tw’umubiri, cyane cyane iyo umuntu ayikorerwa kenshi.
– Abatwite baragirwa inama yo kwirinda radiographie keretse ari ngombwa cyane, kuko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana uri mu nda.

2. Ntibasha kugaragaza byose
– Radiographie ntigaragaza neza imyanya yoroshye y’umubiri (nko ubwonko, imitsi, cyangwa imyakura).Iyo hakenewe ibisobanuro birambuye, hifashishwa CT scan cyangwa IRM (MRI).

3. Ishusho itangwa ishobora kuba ituzuye
– Amashusho ya radiographie ashobora kutagaragaza neza ikibazo, cyane iyo ari gito cyangwa kiri mu mwanya utagaragara neza.

4. Ntigaragaza uko ibintu bihinduka mu gihe
– Radiographie isanzwe itanga ishusho imwe y’ako kanya, ntigaragaza uko ibintu bihinduka uko igihe kigenda (nko gutembera kw’amaraso cyangwa imikorere y’umutima).

Icyitonderwa

Muri Radiographie bakunze gukoresha ibyo bita produit de contrast,ibinyabutabire birimo iode,baryum, biterwa mu mubiri, intego nyamukuru ari gukomeza no kugaragaza neza ibice by’umubiri bitagaragara neza ku mafoto asanzwe.

Twifashishije: www.sante.fr

Inkuru bifitanye isano.

Byinshi wa menya kuri “imagerie” uburyo bwifashishwa hafatwa amashusho y’imbere mu mubiri.

Umwanditsi : Musengimana Emmanuel