Ivugururwa rya Guverinoma : Dr Ndabamenye mu ihurizo , abarenga 70 % mu majyaruguru bibereye mu buhinzi bwa gakondo

Kuri uyu mugoroba wo kuwa mbere taliki ya 01/12/2025, hatangajwe impunduka Umukuru w’Igihugu yakoze muri Guverinoma, aho nko muri Ministere y’ubuhinzi, Minagri,  Dr Ndabamenye Telesphore yasimbuye mugenzi we Dr Bagabe Cyubahiro ku buyobozi bw’iyi ministere, ministere yari asanzwe aberereye Umunyamabanga wa Leta.

Bagaruka kuri iyi nkuru, abanyamakuru bo kuri Televiziyo Mama Urwagasabo batinze kuri iri zina rya Ndabamenye wasimbuye uwo yari asanzwe yungirije, maze bibaza ibidasanzwe byakozwe n’uyu mugabo byatumye ahabwa ubuyobozi bw’iyi ministere ifite igisobanuro gikomeye mu buzima bw’abanyarwanda  bizwi ko umubare munini wabo ubarizwa mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi .

Icyokora aba banyamakuru bashoje ikiganiro bataboneye igisubizo ikibazo bari bibajije hagati yabo, bizeza abakurikira ibiganro byabo kuzagaruka kuri iki kibazo ku munsi ukurikiyeho.

Iki kibazo cyibajijwe n’aba banyanakuru ninacyo  umunyamakuru wa Virunga Today yibajije  amaze kumva iyi nkuru, amaze kwibuka ko uyu mugabo aje ku isonga ry’iyi ministere yari ahoze afite inshingano nanone zikomeye muri iyi ministere: Izo kuba Umunyamabanga wa Leta , akaba mu byukuri yari mu mwanya mwiza kuri we, wo kuzana impinduka zikenewe kugira ngo ubuhinzi butezwe imbere, ubuhinzi nyamara  kugeza ubu bugifite ibibazo bikomeye  kugeza naho kuri ubu havugwa inzara irimo kubica  bigacika mu karere ka Kayonza mu Ntara y’iburasirazuba.

Atirengagije intambwe zakomeje guterwa hagamijwe iterambere ry’urwego rw’ubuhinzi ku buryo umusaruro utasibye kwiyongera umwaka ku wundi mu myaka 30 ishize ariko nanone uyu munyamakuru afite impungenge ku bimenyetso bigaragara by’uko intambwe zatewe zirimo kuburizwamo, abahinzi bakaba bagenda basubira buhoro buhoro mu buhinzi bwa gakondo, akaba ari nabyo iyi nkuru igarukaho, uyu munyamakuru akaba ayiheraho asaba Ministrw mushya kugira icyo akora kuri iki kibazo gihangayikishije abanyarwanda bose, bakeneye kubaho neza babikesha iterambere ryakomeza muri uru rwego rw’ubukungu.

Ubuhinzi bwa gakondo, ubuhinzi bwa ndamuke ( agriculture de subsistance)

Ubuhinzi bwitwa ubwa gakondo cyangwa ubuhinzi bwa ndamuke igihe bukorwa bugatanga ibiribwa ku bukora we n’umuryango we gusa, ntihagire ibisaguka cyangwa hakaboneka bike, bike cyane byoherezwe ku isoko.Nta bikoresho cyangwa uburyo bugezweno mu ikoranabuhanga biboneka muri ubu buhinzi, hakoreshwa imirimo y’amaboko gusa.

Mu rusange ubu buhinzi burangwa n’ibi bikurikira:
1. Ubuhinzi bugamije kwihaza mu biribwa ( agriculture d’autoconsommation). Bukorwa mu rwego rw’umuryango bigakorwa n’abagize umuryango bose, ibisaruwe bigatunga uyu muryango hakaba hasaguka bike bigurishwa ku isoko;
2. Ubuto bw’ahakorerwa ubu buhinzi: Ubu buhinzi bukorerwa mu mirima mito mito ( masambu)  inyanyagiye ahantu hatandukanye;
3. Nta bikoresho bigezweho bikoreshwa: Nta mashini zihinga cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bigezweho byo mu buhinzi biboneka ,nk’ibikoreshwa mu kuhira n’ibindi, isuka nicyo gikoresho cy’ibanze muri ubu buhinzi;
4. Nta koreshwa ry’inyongeramusaruro: ifumbire mva ruganda, imiti irwanya indwara cyangwa yica  udukoko twonona imyaka;
5. Ivangavanga ry’ibihingwa: Abahinzi bahinga mu kajagari imyaka ivangavanze, ntihatoranywe igihingwa cyitabwaho by’umwihariko;
6. Ubu buhinzi bukomwa mu nkokora n’ibiza ndetse n’ingaruka n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere;
7. Umusaruro muke ugereranije n’imbaraga ziba zashowe muri ubu buhinzi.

Nubwo rero Leta y’U Rwanda kuva mu myaka yo hambere yarashyize imbere ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere hagamijwe kongera uruhare rw’ubuhinzi mu bukungu bw’igihugu, ubuhinzi bukorwa none mu gihugu cyacu , buracyabonekamo byinshi biranga ubuhinzi bwa gakondo ndetse na zimwe mu ntambwe zari zimaze guterwa ngo uru rwego rutezwa imbere zikaba zigenda zisubira inyuma nk’uko tubigaragaza twifashishije uko bimeze muri iki gihe mu ntara y’amajyaruguru

Udusozi ndatwa twa nyirarureshwa

Mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro uva mu buhinzi no guteza imbere ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi, Leta yashyizeho politiki yo guhuza ubutaka ( land use consolidation).

Iyi politiki byari byitezwe ko igira ingaruka nziza  ku buhinzi harimo  :
– Kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi : Guhinga igihingwa kimwe ku butaka bunini byorohereza gukoresha imbuto z’indobanure, ifumbire, n’uburyo bugezweho bwo kuhira, bigatuma umusaruro wiyongera.

– Kunoza imicungire y’ubutaka: Guhuza ubutaka kandi  byari ugufasha kurwanya ikibazo gikururwa n’ubuto bw’amasambu,, aho buri wese yahingaga bike ku butaka buto, ntihaboneke umusaruro uhagije;

– Kworohereza serivisi z’ubuhinzi: Leta yashakaga korohereza abahinzi kubona ubufasha (imbuto, ifumbire, ubujyanama) mu buryo bworoshye kuko igihingwa cyatoranijwe cyari kimwe mu gace runaka;

– Kugera ku kwihaza mu biribwa: Gahunda yateganyaga ko guhinga igihingwa kimwe ku butaka bunini bizatuma igihugu kibona umusaruro uhagije w’ibiribwa by’ingenzi nk’ibigori, umuceri, ibishyimbo, n’ibirayi.

– Guhuza ubuhinzi n’isoko: Iyo abahinzi bahinga igihingwa kimwe ku butaka bunini, byorohereza kugurisha ku isoko rinini no kongera agaciro k’ibikomoka ku buhinzi.

Iyi poltiki ariko yaje guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye, abaturage bumva ko batakaje uburenganzira bwo guhinga ibyo bashaka, abandi bakabura isoko rihamye ry’ibyo bahinga.

Magingo aya rero abaturage barinangiye banga kwitabira iyi gahunda maze uturere kubera kutagira andi mahitamo, duhitamo gusaba abaturage, guhuza ubutaka ku duce duto, duto tugize imidugudu yabo: udusozi ndatwa , ku buryo nko mu karere ka Burera bene utu duce tutanagize na 1% by’ubutaka bwose bukorerwaho ubuhinzi, umusaruro uvuye aha, akaba ariwo ubuyobozi bw’akarere bwemeza ko ariwo uzatunga  abaturage bakanasagurira amasoko.

N’aha hangana na 1%  kandi bivugwa ko hahujwe ubutaka, naho kugira ngo abaturage bemere kuhahara, usanga ari intambara, abaturage bakaba babyemezwa n’amande y’umurengera baba baciwe.

Tubabwire ko uretse utu duce duto abaturage bategekwa guhuza ubutaka bagahinga igihingwa cyatoranijwe, ahasigaye aba baturage bemererwa kuhahinga ibyo bishakiye ndetse no mu kajagari nabo bagahitamo  kwihingira ibihingwa birimo amasaka, ibishyimbo, ingano se cyangwa ibirayi, byose ku buryo bwa gakondo ariko by’umwihariko bakoresheje imbuto zidafite ubuziranenge, nta no gukoresha ifumbire.

No mu tundi turere dusigaye iby’utu dusozi ndatwa biragenda biba umugani kuko nko mu karere ka Musanze mu mirenge inyuranye twagezemo, twabuze amakuru y’utu dusozi ndatwa, niba duhari cyangwa tutakihabarizwa.

Ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubona imbuto z’indobanure zitanga umusaruro mwiza

Imbuto z’indobanure zagombaga kwifashishwa mu iterambere ry’ubuhinzi kuko zitanga umusaruro uri ku kigero cyo hejuru ufite n’ubwiza bukenewe. Izi mbuto kandi zifite umwihariko wo kuba zitibasirwa n’indwara zo mu myaka kandi zikahanganira nanone imihindagukire y’ibihe.

Bimwe mu bihingwa byari bikenewe gushyirwamo imbaraga ngo haboneke imbuto nziza ni ibirayi, ibigori n’umuceri ariko nko ku birayi, abahinzi bo mu ntara y’amajyaruguru bakomeje guhura n’ikibazo cyo kubura iyi mbuto ihagije n’ibonetse ikaza ikosha ku buryo abahinzi banwe bahitamo kwituburira ubwabo imbuto zidafite ubuziranenge abandi bagahitamo kureka guhinga iki gihingwa.

Iki kibazo cyo kubura imbuto nziza kandi kandi idahenze niyo ntandaro y’umusaruro muke kuri iki gihingwa mu bice binyuranye by’intara y’amajyaruguru kuko nko mu karere ka abaturage bo mu murenge wa Rugarama babwiye umunyamakuru wa Virunga Today ko nta musaruro bazabona w’ibirayi kuko bahinze imbuto yitwa Mubeno ikomoka mu gihugu cya Kenya mu gihe bagenzi babo bafite amaikoro bahinze imbuto ya Kinigi bo nta kibazo bafite kuko ibirayi byabo bimeze neza.

Naho ku bijyanye n’igihingwa cy’ibigori, nubwo hagiye hamamazwa imbuto nziza z’ibigori, hari abahinzi bagiye bacibwa intege nuko hari izagiye zibatenguha ntizigire umusaruro zitanga abandi nabo ntibahe agaciro igikorwa cyo gukoresha imbuto y’ibigori y’indobanure kubera ubukangurambaga bwa ntabwo batakorewe.

Kuri ubu rero, mu mirenge myinshi y’uturere twa Musanze ihana imbibi na pariki y’ibirunga, higanje imbuto y’ibigori yitwa Mayiz0ri itanga umusaruro uri hasi cyane ugereranije n’imbuto za hibride bisanzww bizwi ko zitanga umusaruro mwiza, abahinzi bakaba barabwiye umunyamakuru wa Virunga Today ko bayihisemo kubera ko yera vuba kandi ikaba idasaba kwitabwaho cyane nk’uko bimeze kuri Mayizori.

Ifumbire  idahagije igakoreshwa no ku buryo butaboneye

Ifumbire mvaruganda itanga imyunyungugu yihuse nk’azotore (N), fosifore (P), na potasiyumu (K), bituma ibihingwa bikura vuba kandi bigatanga umusaruro mwinshi, naho ifumbire y’imborera yongera ubuzima bw’ubutaka kuko  yongera ibinyabuzima mu butaka, igafasha ubutaka kugumana ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro igihe kirekire. Iyi niyo mpamvu iumuhinzi asabwa  kuvanga ifumbire mvaruganda n’imborera kugira ngo abone umusaruo mwiza kandi akomeze abungabunge ubutaka.

Nyamara bamwe mu bahinzi bo mu ntara y’amajyaruguru bagaragaza ko nta mikoro bafite yo kwigurira iyi fumbire nubwo aba bahinzi bashiyiriweho nkunganire, igituma iyi fumbire ibageraho ku biciro bidakanganye.

Ikindi kibazo cyagaragaye ni icy’ikoreshwa ritaboneye ry’iyi fumbire aho benshi bahitamo gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda yonyine aho kuyivanga n’imborera, ibishobora kugundura ubutaka bukorerwaho ubuhinzi.Iri gunduka rikaba ryaragaragaye mu mirenge nka Gataraga na Busogo byo mu karere ka Musanze, abahinzi bakaba barabwiye umunyamakuru wa Virunga Today ko ari ikibazo kibakomereye kandi ko batabona umuti kuri iki kibazo kuko inzira zose bifashishije ngo bagishakire umuti ntacyo zatanze.

Ikoreshwa rya nabi ry’aya mafumbire kandi rigararira mu isesagurwa ry’iyi fumbire rigakoreshwa mu buhinzi butari ubwo Leta yemeje kunganira nk’ibitunguru na tungurusumu.

Ahasigaye ni aha Dr Ndabamenye n’abo bafatanije muri Minagri

Muri make haracyari ibibazo bikomeye bicyugarije urwego rw’ubuhinzi ku buryo nko mu ntara y’amajyaruguru byagaragaye ko n’intambwe zari zaratewe hambere aha mu iterambere ry’uru rwego zigenda zicika intege ku mpamvu zinyuranye.

Ni ku bw’iyo mpamvu hakaba hari ababona ko minagri yari ikwiye kugaragara mu bikorwa bibonera umuti ibibazo birho, abo kugira ngo iki kibazo giharirwe inzego z’uturere zidafite uburyo buhagije bwo gukurikirana gahunda zinyuranye zo muri buhinzi, bikaba ngo byari bikwiye ko n’abakozi barimo abagronome basanzwe bacungwa n’akarere bakwegurirwa Minagri.

Bityo Minaagri ikazihatira:

• Gushyira imbaraga muri politiki yo gucunga ubutaka, hahuzwa ubutaka buto buto kugira ngo ubuhinzi bukorwe ku buryo bw’umwuga aho buri muturage atabikora ku giti cye;
• Gutegura buri gihe amahugurwa y’ubumenyi ku buhinzi, Kubera ko abahinzi benshi bagifite ubumenyi buke ku buhinzi bugezweho, hakenewe amahugurwa akomatanyije ku mikorere y’ubuhinz, gucunga imishinga no kumenya imiterere y’isoko;
• Gutanga inguzanyo zihariye ku bahinzi. Banki zisanzwe zifata ubuhinzi nk’urwego rurimo ibyago byinshi kubera amapfa n’ibiza hakaba hakenewe ko hashingwa banki yihariye y’abahinzi yazabafasha kubona inguzanyo yo gushora mu mishinga y’iterambere.
• Guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi: gukoresha imbuto z’indobanure, ifumbire igezweho, uburyo bwo kuhira buhoraho, n’imashini zifasha mu mirimo y’ubuhinzi
• Kubaka inzego z’ubushakashatsi n’ivugurura: Gushora mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi ku mbuto, ifumbire n’uburyo bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire  y’ikirere.
• Guhuza ubuhinzi n’inganda: Gushinga inganda zongerera agaciro umusaruro w’ubuhinzi kugira ngo umusaruro ube ufite agaciro ku isoko;
• Gushyiraho ingamba zo kongerera aabatekinisiye mu buhinzi ubushobozi, kubahuza n’abahinzi no kuborohereza mu mikorere yabo.

Muri make ubuhinzi bugezweho, bwakuwe muri gakondo, ni urufunguzo rwo guteza imbere ubukungu bw’ U Rwanda, abanyarwanda bakava ku buhinzi bwa ndamuke bakitabira ubuhinzi bugezweho butuma babaho neza bo n’imiryango yabo, ku bw’ibyo hakaba hakenewe amavugururwa y’ingenzi kugira ngo hashobore kubaho izi mpinduka.

 

 

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel