Ni bihe bice bigize iyi miti tunywa yo kwa muganga

Umuti ugizwe n’ibice bitandukanye, buri kimwe cyose kikagira uruhare runaka mu gukora umuti umeze neza no kuwufasha kugera ku ntego. Dore ibice by’ingenzi bigize umuti:

I.Principe active y’umuti

Ni igice kigize umuti gifite ubushobozi bwo kuvura, kugabanya ibimenyetso, cyangwa kurinda indwara. Iki nicyo gice gikora neza mu gutuma umuti ugera ku ntego zawo mu mubiri w’umurwayi. Urugero ni paracetamol mu muti urwanya ububabare.

Principe active ibamo ubwoko bunyuranye ukurikije aho iva:

1. Iy’umwimerere ( naturel), urugero ni aspirin iva mu biti bya willow;
2. Iyakorewe muri za laboratoire ( synthetic), nka Ibuprofen;
3. Iy’ikoranabuhanga ( biotechnological), urugero ni inkingo ku ndwara zitandukanye.

II.Excipients

Ibi ni ibintu byose byongerwa mu muti bigafasha mu gutunganya umuti ariko ntibigire ubushobozi bwo gukiza cyangwa kuvura.

Dore akamaro ka excipients mu mikoreshereze y’imiti:

1. Korohereza mu kugera mu mubiri: Excipients ituma imiti igira imiterere yoroshye mu gihe uyinywa , nk’ibinini, siro,cyangwa imiti y’amavura, iyi miterere ikaba ihitwamo hakurikijwe imiterere y’uburwayi ni iy’umurwayi.
2. Kurinda principe active: Irinda principe active ibyayangiza biturutse hanze (urumuri, ubushyuhe cyangwa ubuhehere), bigatuma umuti ushobora kumara igihe utangiritse. Urugero : citric acid, benzyl alcohol.
3. Gufasha mu kugeza umuti mu mubiri mu gihe cyagenwe ( liberation controlee). Excipients zimwe zigenzura uko umuvuduko umuti utemberaho mu mubiri, ibituma umuti urushaho gukora neza igihe kirekire no ku gice gifite cy’umubiri gifite ikibazo.
4. Gutuma umuti ukora neza mu mubiri: Excipients zituma umuti ugera neza mu mubiri, bigatuma uvura neza indwara wagenewe
5. Kugabanya ibibazo byaterwa n’imiterere ya principe active: Ibi ni igihe zihisha ubusharire buboneka mu miti imwe n’imwe, yongera impumuro nziza mu muti, yoroshya ibyo kuwumira, ibi byose bigatuma umuti umerera neza umurwayi.
6. Gufasha mu itangwa ry’imiti ku barwayi bafaite uburwayi bwihariye: Ku bantu bagize uburwayi nk’ubwa allergies hakoreshwa excipients zihariye ( lactose).

Ingero za excipients

1. Lactose: Ifasha mu kongera umubyimba w’ibinini ( diluant)
2. Amidon ( starch): Ituma ibinini bishobora gushongera mu mubiri
3. Silice collloidale: Ituma poudre idafata ku mashini igihe bakora imiti
4. Polyethylene glycol: Igenzura imitemberere y’umuti mu mubiri
5. Sucrose ( aspartane): Izana uburyohe mu muti
6. Povidone :: Ituma ibinini bikomera
7. Ethanol : Ifasha mu gushongesha ( solvent)
8. Parabene: Irwanya udukoko duto twakwangiza imiti.

III.Enrobage

Ni igice cyo hanze y’umuti ( couche externe), gishyirwaho kugira ngo umuti urindwe cyangwa ugire uburyohe bwihariye bukenewe ngo umuti unyobwe.

Akamaro ka enrobage ni :

1. Kurinda umuti kwangizwa n’ibintu biturutse inyuma ( ubushyhe, urumuri, umwuka)
2. Kurinda ubusharire bw’umuti
3. Gutuma umuti ushobora gukora neza mu gifu cyangwa mu mara
4. Gufasha mu gutembereza umuti mu mubiri ( liberation controlee

Itandukaniro n’ihuriro rya excipients na enrobage

Enrobage na excipients bihurira kukuba byombi bikoreshwa mu gutuma umuti ufatwa neza , mu kuwurinda no kuba bituma umuti utabihira uwunywa. Ibi byombi ariko kandi  bitandukanira ku kuba enrobage ari igice cyo hanze cyongera umutekano no gutuma umuti ukoreshwa neza mu gihe excipient igira uruhare mu gutunganya imbere mu muti  no gutuma umuti ugabanya ubukana cyangwa kongerwa uburyohe, ikaba inagize umuti nyirizina ( partie integrante).

IV.Conditionnement

Ni  uburyo umuti upfunyikwamo cyangwa uko uba uteguye mu buryo bwo kurindwa no korohereza mu ikoreshwa ryawo. Conditionnement igira akamaro gakomeye mu gutuma umuti ugumana ubuziranenge , kuwurinda  kwangirika  bityo bikaba byaha umutekano uwukoresha.

Dore iby’ingenzi mubigize  conditionnement:

Gupfunyika imbere (Conditionnement primaire):

Ni uburyo bapfunyikamo umuti, ubu bupfunyiko bugakora nezaku muti ( bugahura neza n’umuti).

Iri pfunyika rigira akamaro ko:

•  Kurinda umuti: hirindwa ko umuti wakwangizwa n’urumuri, ubushyuhe cyangwa ubuhehere;
• Korohereza mu gutanga umuti, urugero hatangwa  dose nyayo ( flacons compte gouttes);
• Gutuma umuti ubikika igihe kirekire;
• Ikibazo cy’umutekano ku bakoresha umuti ( bouchon hirindwa ko abana bafungura umuti).

Ubwoko bwa conditionnement primaire

1. Blisters, amballages ntoya zikoreshwa mu kubika ibinini cyangwa za gelule;
2. Flacons zishyirwamo imiti y’amazi nka za siro cyangwa imiti iterwa mu nshinge zikaba zikozwe mu birahure cyangwa muri plastiki;
3. Ampule nazo zishyirwamo imiti yo mu nshinge;
4. Tubes zibamo imiti ya pomades cyangwa cremes.

Gupfunyika hanze (Conditionnement secondaire):

Ni uburyo bwo gupfunyika umuti  ku rwego rw’inyuma ( hapfunikwa conditionnement primaire) , gupfunyika ntibigire aho bihurira n’umuti ubwawo nk’uko bimeze kuri conditionnement primaire.  Ubu buryo bugira uruhare mu gutuma umuti ubikwa neza kandi bugatanga n’uburyo bwiza bwo kuwukoresha.

Iri pfunyika rigira akamaro ko :
1. Gutanga amakuru ku muti:
Ibipfunyika byo ku rwego rwa kabiri bishyirwaho amakuru nk’izina ry’umuti, dose, uburyo bwo kuwufata, igihe cyo kubika, n’amabwiriza y’icyo gukora ku bijyanye no kuwufata neza.

2. Kurinda conditionnement primaire:
Bifasha kurinda ububiko bwa mbere (conditionnement primaire), cyane cyane igihe umuti utegerejweho gutwarwa cyangwa kubikwa.

3. Gufasha mu gutwara umuti:
– Conditionnement secondaire igira uruhare mu koroherereza abakoresha umuti kuwitwaza byoroheye kandi mu mutekano.

4. Ikoreshwa ku buryo bw’ubucuruzi:

Akenshi bikoreshwa mu kumenyekanisha ishusho y’umuti no gutuma uwukoresha awubonamo amakuru y’ingenzi ku buryo bworoshye.

Urugero rwa conditionnement secondaire:

– Akasanduku k’amabati cyangwa ipaki rishyirwamo blisters z’ibinini.
– Akasanduku kashyizwemo icupa ririmo sirupe riturutse muri conditionnement primaire.

– Amasashe ashyirwamo za ampule zikoreshwa mu nshinge.

Conditionnement secondaire ni ingenzi mu buryo bw’ikoreshwa n’ubushakashatsi bw’umuti, bigafasha kugera ku ntego z’umutekano n’imikoreshereze myiza.

Adjuvent

Adjuvent ni ikinyabutabire gishyirwa mu miti kugira ngo kiwufashe gukora neza cyangwa kongera imbaraga zawo mu gukiza indwara cyangwa mu kugabanya ibimenyetso.  Kimwe na excipient, adjuvent ntabwo ubwayo iba yifitemo ubushobozi bwo kuvura, ariko igira uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma umuti ugira imikorere yizewe kandi ikora neza.

Urugero ni nko mu nkingo . aho adjuvent yitwa aluminium hydroxide, ifasha mu gutuma ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwitabira vuba gutanga igisubizo ( reponse immunitaire) ku rukingo.

Muri make adjuvent ikorana na principe active kugira ngo ibe nziza kandi ikore neza, akenshi mu rwego rw’ubudahangarwa naho excipient ifasha gutunganya umuti mu buryo bwo korohereza gukoresha.

Twifashishije: www.superprof.fr

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel