sobanukirwa na Hydroponie n’Aeroponie ubuhinzi bw’ejo hazaza budakenera ubutaka

Kugira ngo igihingwa cyahinzwe gishobore gukura no gutanga umusaruro, gikenera ibyangombwa binyuranye, harimo intungagihingwa,amazi, ikirere cyiza kiberanye n’icyo gihingwa ariko cyane kigakenera ubutaka bwiza.

Ubu butaka bugira akamaro kanini ku butaka kuko nibwo:
1. Bunyuzwamo intungagihingwa
2. Bushyigikira igihingwa, igihingwa kigashobora gukura gihagaze neza mu buryo bukwiye;
3. Burinda imizi, bukayifasha gukomera, bukayirinda kwangirika no kwibasirwa n’ibyonnyi.

Gusa nanone ubu butaka, mu mikoreshereze yabwo havukamo ibibazo, muri ibyo twavuga:
1. Kuba bwaburamo intungagihingwa zihagije: Ubutaka iyo budafite intungagihingwa zihagije igihingwa ntigikura neza;
2. Kuba bwabika amazi menshi cyangwa make: ubutaka bugomba kuba bushobora kubika amazi mu rugero rukwiye kuko amazi menshi aboza imizi naho amake agatuma igihingwa cyuma;
3. Kuba bushobora kwibikamo ibyonnyi cyangwa udukoko twanduza indwara: ubutaka bushobora kubamo ibyonnyi cyangwa utu dukoko twonona imizi bikabangamira imikurire myiza y’igihingwa;
4. Kuba bwarahumanyijwe: Ubutaka bushobora kubamo imyanda cyagwa ibinyabutabire bibi, bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku gihingwa;
5. Kubura umwuka uhagije, iyo umwuka uhagije ubuze mu butaka, imizi ntishobora guhumeka neza.

Ariko nanone ikibazo gikomeye ku butaka nuko bugenda buba buke, ndetse nko mu bice by’imijyi, bikaba bigoye kubona ubutaka buhagije bwo gukoreraho ubuhinzi buvamo ibitunga abantu.

Ibi nibyo byatumye ubushakashatsi bwerekezwa kugushaka ukuntu habaho uburyo bwo guhinga hatifashishijwe ubutaka.

Kuri ubu hakaba hariho uburyo bunyuranye bwo guhinga hadakoreshejwe ubutaka, tukaba tugaruka muri iyi nkuru kuri hydoponie na aeroponie.

Hydroponie

Hydroponie biva ku magambo 2 y’ikigereki: hydro: amazi na ponos: akazi, umuhate.

Koko rero ubu buryo bushingiye ku kumenya gukoresha neza amazi buhira, bishatse kuvuga ko mu gihe ubuhinzi busanzwe bukorwa hatunganywa butaka, hydroponie yo irangwa n’ibikorwa byo mu mazi bigamije gutera igihingwa no gusarura ibikomoka kuri icyo gihingwa.

Muri hydroponie, ubutaka busimbuzwa ibyo bita substrat inerte ni ukuvuga ikindi gikoresho kitarimo intungagihingwa nk’uko bimeze k’ubutaka ahubwo cyo kigafasha mu gushyigikira igihingwa , kikagifasha gukura neza no kukigezaho ibigitunga.

Urugero ni bulles d’argiles, umucanga, pozolanne cyangwa se amazi bashyiramo imizi y’igihingwa.

Iki gikoresho kigomba kuba gishyigikiye, gihagazeneza ( inerte) kandi hagakorwa ibishoboka byose ngo kibe kitanduye, kitariho microbe.

Akamaro kacyo k’ingenzi akaba ari ugutuma igihingwa gihagarara neza cyemye.

Intungwagihingwa igihingwa gikenera zisanzwe ziva mu butaka zisimbuzwa amazi arimo intungamubiri, agezwa kuri iki gihingwa binyuze kuri cya gikoresho (substrat).

Ibyiza bya Hydroponie:
–
Gukurikirana intungamubiri byoroshye**: Biroroshye kugenzura uko ibihingwa bikura.
Muri **hydroponie**, kugenzura imikurire y’igihingwa biroroshye cyane kubera ko byose bikorwa mu buryo bigenzurwa neza kandi buhagije

– **Kudakenera ubutaka**: Kubera ko nta butaka bukoreshwa, ntihabaho impinduka zituruka ku butaka nk’indwara, imyunyu myinshi cyangwa mike, cyangwa ibindi byangiza imikurire.

– **Ikoranabuhanga rigenzura ibidukikije**: Hydroponie ikoresha ibikoresho nka pH meters, EC meters (Electrical Conductivity), n’ibindi bipima uko amazi ameze. Ibi bituma umuhinzi amenya uko igihingwa gihagaze buri gihe.

– **Kugenzura ubushyuhe n’urumuri**: Mu buryo bwa hydroponie, ushobora kugenzura neza ubushyuhe n’urumuri igihingwa kibona, bigatuma gikura mu buryo buhoraho kandi butabangamirwa n’ibihe.

– **Guhinga ahantu hato**: Birashoboka guhinga ahantu hato kandi bigatanga umusaruro mwiza.

Ibibi bya Hydroponie

– **Ibikoresho bihenze**: bihenze kurusha ubuhinzi busanzwe.
– **Gusaba ubumenyi bwihariye**: Bisaba ubumenyi mu gukurikirana intungamubiri no gukumira indwara.

Aeropnie

Mu gihe muri aeroponie hakoreshwa amazi nk’umusimbura w’ubutaka, muri aeroponie ho imizi y’ibihingwa iba ihagaritswe mu kirere maze ikavomerwa intungamubiri mu buryo bw umwuka wuzuye amazi: ibihu ( brume).

Nta butaka rero, nta n’ahantu haretse amazi bikoreshwa (substrat) ahubwo intungamubiri zicucirwa ku mizi mu mwuka wuzuye amazi, ibi bigatuma igihingwa kibona oxygene ihagije nabyo bigatuma haboneka umusaruro mwiza cyane mu gihe gito.

*Ibyiza bya Aéroponie*
*1.Gukoresha amazi make:*
Aéroponie ikoresha amazi make cyane kubera uburyo bwayo bwihariye bwo gutanga intungamubiri ku bihingwa. Koko rero:

– *Amazi ntapfa ubusa:* Muri aéroponie, amazi arimo intungamubiri ahindurwa umwuka (mist, brume) agahita agera ku mizi y’ibihingwa. Amazi atakoreshejwe ahita asubizwa mu cyuma akongera gukoreshwa, bityo nta mazi apfa ubusa.
— *Nta butaka bwo kunyunyuza amazi:* Kubera ko nta butaka bukoreshwa, nta mazi apfira mu butaka cyangwa ngo atakare nk’uko biba mu buhinzi busanzwe.

– **Gutanga amazi mu rugero rukenewe gusa**: Aéroponie ikoreshwa n’ikoranabuhanga rigenzura neza igihe n’ingano y’amazi ibihingwa bikenera, bigatuma hatabaho gusesagura.

2. Ibihingwa bikura vuba kandi bitanga umusaruro mwinshi.
Impamvu ibihingwa bikura vuba kandi bigatanga umusaruro mwinshi muri aéroponie ni uko imizi y’ibihingwa ibona oxygen nyinshi kandi intungamubiri zihita zibageraho neza mu buryo bwihuse. Dore ibisobanuro by’ingenzi:

– **Imizi iri mu kirere**: Muri aéroponie, imizi y’ibihingwa ntiba mu butaka cyangwa mu mazi, ahubwo iba ihagaritswe mu kirere. Ibi bituma ibona umwuka wa oxygen ku gipimo cyo hejuru, bikayifasha gukora neza imirimo yayo yo gukurura intungamubiri no gukura.

– **Intungamubiri zinyuzwa mu mwuka w’umukungugu (mist)**: Amazi arimo intungamubiri ashyirwa mu mwuka muto cyane (aerosol), bigatuma imizi iyakira nobyihuse kandi neza. Ibi bituma ibihingwa bidatakaza igihe mu gushakisha intungamubiri nk’uko biba mu butaka.

– **Kugenzura neza ibidukikije**: Aéroponie ikoresha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga rigenzura neza ubushyuhe, urumuri, n’ubushuhe. Ibi bituma ibihingwa bikura mu buryo buhoraho kandi budahungabanywa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

– **Kwirinda indwara zituruka mu butaka**: Kubera ko nta butaka bukoreshwa, ibihingwa ntibihura n’indwara zituruka mu butaka, bigatuma bikura neza nta nkomyi

– **Guhinga ahantu hato**: Birashoboka guhinga ahantu hato kuko nta butaka bukenewe.

Ibi byose bituma ibihingwa bikura **vuba**, bikagira **imizi ikomeye**, kandi bigatanga **umusaruro mwinshi** ugereranyije n’ubundi buryo bwo guhinga. Uburyo nk’ubu buragenda bwitabwaho cyane mu buhinzi bugezweho, cyane cyane mu mijyi no mu bihugu bifite ubutaka buke.

Ibibi bya Aéroponie:
– **Ibikoresho bihenze**: Bisaba ibikoresho bigezweho kandi bihenze.
– **Gusaba ubumenyi bwihariye**: Bisaba ubumenyi bwihariye mu gukurikirana intungamubiri.
– **Guhungabana kw’ibihingwa**: Ibihingwa bishobora guhura n’ibibazo vuba iyo habayeho ikibazo mu gutanga intungamubiri.

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel