Sobanukirwa n’iby’ingenzi ku gikorwa cyo kwiyaka ubuzima, kwiyahura, ikibazo gikomereye abatuye Isi

Kwiyahura ni igikorwa cy’umuntu ushaka guhagarika ubuzima bwe ku bushake kandi nubwo tutagomba na rimwe kugishyigikira, ni ingenzi kugisobanukirwa kugira ngo tubashe gufasha abantu baba bafite ibitekerezo biganisha k’ukwiyahura.

Ikibazo cyo kwiyahura ni ikibazo gikomereye abatuye Isi kubera ko abarenga ibihumbi 800 buri mwaka biyaka ubuzima babinyujije mu kwiyahura, bivuze ko umuntu umwe yiyahura buri minota 40, naho abakubye abo incuro ziri hagati ya 10 na 20, ba bagerageje kwiyahura ntibibahire.
Kwiyahura kandi ni intandaro ya kabiri y’imfu ku rubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 15 na 29.

Ikibazo cyo kwiyahura ni ikibazo gikomereye abatuye Isi kubera ko abarenga ibihumbi 800 biyaka ubuzima babinyujije mu kwiyahura, bivuze ko umuntu umwe yiyahura buri minota 40, naho abakubye abo incuro ziri hagati ya 10 na 20, ba bagerageje kwiyahura ntibibahire.
Kwiyahura kandi ni intandaro ya kabiri y’imfu ku rubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 15 na 29.

Mu Rwanda, ikibazo cyo kwiyahura kiragenda gifata indi ntera, cyane cyane mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’igihugu nk’Akarere ka Musanze.

– Raporo ya RBC yagaragaje ko buri kwezi abantu bagera ku 100 bagerageza kwiyahura mu Rwanda.
– Mu myaka ibiri ishize, abantu 576 biyahuye mu gihugu hose.

Muri iyi nkuru turagaruka ku mpamvu zitera kwiyahura ( facteurs du risque), uburyo bukoreshwa n’abiyahura, ingaruka zo kwiyahura no ku gikwiye gukorwa mu gahangana n’iki cyorezo.

Impamvu zitera kwiyahura

1.Ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe:
– Kwiheba (dépression)
– Uburwayi bwo mu mutwe budasuzumwe cyangwa budavurwa, nka bipolar disorder
– Uruhererekane rw’ibitekerezo bibi no kumva udafite agaciro

2.Amakimbirane hagati y’abantu n’ibibazo bivuka mu mibereho ya muntu
– Gutakaza umuntu ukunda
– Gukorerwa ihohoterwa (ryaba iryo mu muryango, irishingiye ku gitsina, iryo ku mubiri, cyangwa iryo mu mutwe)
– Gutereranwa no kumva uri wenyine
– Ubukene bukabije
– Kubura akazi cyangwa kubura icyizere cy’ejo hazaza
– Ibanira ribi mu muryango, gufatwa nabi, cyangwa gutotezwa.

Karande yo mu muryango Iyi karande ishobora kugira uruhare mu gutuma umuntu agira ibyago byo kwiyahura, kandi ibi bikaba bidakomotse kw’ihererekanya ry’indwara zo mu mutwe,ibi ahubwo bigakomoka kw’ihererekanya ry’imyitwarire mu muryango harimo ubuhubutsi cga uburakari bukabije.

Ihohoterwa ryakorewe mu bwana
Ihohotera ryakorewe umuntu akiri umwana rishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mu buzima bwe bw’igihe kirekire, harimo no kongera ibyago byo gutekereza cyangwa kugerageza kwiyahura. Ibyo bikomere bishobora kumutera guhangayika, kwiheba, no kumva nta gaciro yifitiye.

Kuba warigeze kugerageza kwiyahura

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bwerekana ko kuba umuntu yarigeze kugerageza kwiyahura bishobora kongera ibyago byo kongera kubitekereza cyangwa kubigerageza mu bihe biri imbere.

Ibi bishingira ku mpamvu zitandukanye zishingiye ku mimerere y’uwo muntu, imitekerereze, n’imibereho bye.

–Kubura ubufasha buhamye nyuma y’igerageza.
Iyo umuntu agerageje kwiyahura ariko ntahabwe ubufasha bwuzuye—nk’ibiganiro n’abajyanama, gusubizwa icyizere, no kwitabwaho—bishobora gutuma aguma mu mwuka wo kwiheba.

–Kugumana agahinda, ikimwaro, n’ibikomere
Ibi bishobora gutuma umuntu yumva agomba gusubira mu nzira y’ububabare, kuko atabona indi mpamvu yo gukomeza kubaho.

–Ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bitakize
Niba afite depression, PTSD cyangwa ibindi bibazo bifitanye isano n’imitekerereze, bigomba kuvurwa uko bikwiye kugira ngo hagabanywe ibyago byo kongera kwiyahura.

–Kugabanyuka kw’ubwoba bwo kugerageza ubwa kabiri
Iyo umuntu yagerageje kwiyahura ariko ntibikunde, hari ubwo atakaza ubwoba yari afitiye icyo gikorwa, bigatuma kongera kugerageza biboneka nk’ikintu cyoroshye.

Abagabo biyahura ku bwinshi kurusha abagore

Hari ubushakashatsi bwakoze ku Isi yose bugaragaza ko abagabo biyahura cyane kurusha abagore
Ibi bifite ibisobanuro bifatika mu rwego rw’imitekerereze, umuco, ndetse n’imikorere y’imibereho:

– Abagabo bakoresha uburyo bukunze kuba bwica mu gihe gito(nk’intwaro cyangwa kwiyahura bifite ingaruka zigaragara vuba), bituma igerageza ryabo rigira amahirwe menshi yo kubaho.
Abagore bahitamo uburyo butica vuba (nk’imiti irengeje urugero), bityo bikaba bitabaviramo gupfa buri gihe.

– Kwigunga no kutavuga ibibabaje: Abagabo benshi mu mico itandukanye baremererwa kutagaragaza amarangamutima, bityo bakabura aho babishyira.
– Imyumvire y’umuco: Mu bice bimwe, abagabo bumva ko gusaba ubufasha ari intege nke, bityo bakayagwa mu mutima kugeza bibaye byinshi.
– Ibibazo byo mu buzima bwo mu mutwe bitavurwa: Abagabo batitabira gukoresha serivisi z’ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe nk’uko abagore babikora.

Uburyo bwo kwiyahura

Dore uburyo bumwe busanzwe buzwibukoreshwa n’abashaka kwiyaka ubuzima

🔸 Pendaison (kwiyahura hakoreshejwe umugozi): Ni imwe mu nzira zibabaza zikoreshwa n’abiyahura.

🔸 Gukoresha imiti cyangwa uburozi: Bamwe bashobora kunywa imiti irengeje urugero cyangwa uburozi bibwira ko ari bwo buryo bwo kwikiza.

🔸 Kwisuka mu mazi, mu mpanga, cyangwa ahantu habi: Iyo umuntu afashwe n’agahinda kenshi, ashobora kujya ahantu yizera ko hataboneka ubufasha bwihuse.

🔸 Gukoresha intwaro: Mu bihugu bimwe, gukoresha imbunda cyangwa ibyuma ni bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa n’abantu bari mu bibazo bikomeye.

Ibimenyetso by’umuntu

Ibimenyetso by’umuntu ushobora kuba atekereza kwiyahura
Nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi, umuntu ashobora kugaragaza:
– Imvugo yo kwiheba, nko kuvuga ko ubuzima butagifite agaciro.
– Gusezera ku nshuti cyangwa gutanga ibintu bye nk’aho yitegura kugenda.
– Kwigunga, kudasinzira, cyangwa guhindura imyitwarire.
– Kunywa ibisindisha cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge mu buryo bukabije.

Ingaruka

Kwiyahura si igikorwa gusa gihungabanya umuntu ugikoze, ahubwo gifite ingaruka ziremereye ku buzima bwa benshi bamukikije, n’umuryango mugari. Dore ingaruka zitandukanye zigaragara:

Ku muryango n’inshuti:
– Guhungabana ku mutima: Gutakaza umuntu ku buryo butunguranye bituma abantu bagira agahinda kenshi, kwiheba, cyangwa kwiyumva nabi.
– Kumva ipfunwe: Bamwe bashobora kwiyumvamo ikosa cyangwa kwibaza niba hari icyo batakoze ngo bafashe uwo muntu.
– Ibikomere by’igihe kirekire: Guhorana urwibutso rubabaje bishobora gutuma batongera kwizera, kwishima cyangwa kugira icyizere mu buzima.

Ku muryango mugari:
– Gutakaza umuntu ufite umusanzu ku muryango: Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho y’abo basigaye, ku kazi, ku masomo, cyangwa ku mishinga bari bafatanyije.
– Kugabanya icyizere mu bantu: Iyo habaye kwiyahura kugaragara, bishobora gutuma abandi bibaza ku kamaro k’ubuzima, cyane cyane abakiri bato.

Ibikorwa byo guhangana no kwiyahura

Kwiyahura ni ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, kandi guhangana na cyo bisaba ingamba zitandukanye zihuza abantu ku giti cyabo, imiryango, inzego z’ubuzima, n’ubuyobozi. Dore bimwe mu bikorwa bifasha mu kurwanya no gukumira kwiyahura:

1. Gushyira imbere ubuzima bwo mu mutwe
– Gutanga ubujyanama ku bantu bafite agahinda gakabije, ihungabana, cyangwa ibibazo by’imitekerereze.
– Gukora ubukangurambaga bwo kumvikanisha ko kwiyahura atari igisubizo, no kurwanya imyumvire yo kwiheba.
– Kworohereza abantu kugera ku buvuzi bw’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, cyane cyane mu bice by’icyaro.

2. Imirongo y’ubufasha
– Gushyiraho imirongo ihamagarwa ku buntu ku bantu bakeneye kuvugana n’umujyanama.
– Urugero: mu Rwanda hari imirongo nka 116 (ku bana n’urubyiruko) na A Helpline ya Solid Minds ifasha mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.

3. Gutoza abantu kumenya ibimenyetso
– Kwigisha ababyeyi, abarimu, n’abayobozi kumenya ibimenyetso by’umuntu ushobora kuba atekereza kwiyahura.
– Gutoza uburyo bwo kuganiriza umuntu uremerewe, no kumufasha kugera ku bufasha.

4. Gukumira uburyo bukoreshwa
– Gufata ingamba zo gukumira ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kwiyahura (nko kugabanya uburyo bwo kubona imiti ikomeye cyangwa ibikoresho byangiza).
– Gushyiraho uburinzi mu nyubako zishobora kwifashishwa mu kwiyahura.

5. Gushyigikira abantu banyuze mu bibazo
– Gushyiraho amatsinda y’abantu banyuze mu bihe bikomeye kugira ngo bafashanye.
– Gukangurira abantu kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’ubufasha, nko kwitabira ibiganiro, imirimo rusange, n’ubukorerabushake.

Twifashishije: www.wikipedia.org na
www.suicide.info

Umwanditsi: Musengimana Emmanuel