Uburayi: Iwabo wa Cardinal Charles Lavigerie na Mgr Jean-Joseph Hirth, ubuhakanamana bukomeje kuhashinga imizi

December 11, 2025December 18, 2025 MUSENGIMANA Emmanuel

Mu gihugu cyacu, muri uyu mwaka wa 2025, abakristu gatolika niho bizihije Yubile y’impurirane y’imyaka 2025 y’ubukristu Ku isi n’imyaka 125 Inkuru nziza igeze mu Rwanda, ibirori byo gusoza iyi Yubile mu rwego rw’igihugu bikaba byarabaye kuri wa 6 taliki ya 6/12/2025 kur stade Amahoro i Remera.

Muri icyo gihe ariko hakomeje kuvugwa hirya no hino ku Isi ikibazo cy’ubuhakamana ( Atheisme), ariko cyane cyane iki kibaxo kibugwa ku mugabane w’ Iburayi kandi nyamara bizwi ko abatuye uyu mugabane aribo bafashe iya mbere mu bikorwa by’iyogezabutumwa byakwiye mu Mpande zose z’Isi, ndetse uyu mugabane ukaba ufatwa nk’ingobyi y’ubukristu.

Tubabwire kandi kuri uyu mugabane uretse aba buhakanyi bahari ku bwinshi bavuga ko Imana itabaho, hari n’abitwa, Agnostics: Umuntu wiyemerera nk’agnostic avuga ko atabasha kumenya neza niba Imana ibaho cyangwa itabaho. Si ukwemera cyangwa guhakana, ahubwo ni ugushidikanya.

Muri iyi nkuru turagaruka ku miterere y’iki kibazo nuko abagikurikiranira hafi babona ahazaza h’ubukrisu ku Isi no ku mugabane w’Uburayi ku bw’umwihariko

I.Uburayi umugabane w’abavugabutumwa

Umugabane w’Uburayi wabaye intango y’ivugabutumwa rikomeye ku Isi hose, kuko ari ho ubukristu bwakomereje gukwira nyuma y’aho bwatangiriye mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati. Kuri uyu mugabane ninaho habonetse abamisiyoneri benshi boherejwe ku yindi migabane.

Birazwi kandi ko Roma yabaye igicumbi gikomeye cy’ubukristu, kuko yari umutima w’Ubwami bw’Abaromani, ubwami bwari bukomeye cyane,bityo inkuru nziza ikaba yarashoboye gukwirakwizwa mu Burayi bwose ndetse no ku yindi migabane.

Dore bamwe mu bavugabutumwa babaye rurangiranwa mu kogeza ivanjili ku Isi.

Francis Xavier (1506–1552):

Umuyezuwiti ukomoka muri Espsgne, yagejeje Inkuru Nziza mu Aziya (Indiya, Ubuyapani no muri Aziya y’Iburasirazuba).

Bartolomé de las Casas (1484–1566):

Bartolomé de Las Casas yari umupadiri w’Umudominikani ukomoka muri Espagne, umwanditsi w’amateka, uzwi cyane nk’“Umurinzi w’Abaturage b’abasangwabutaka, Indigenou, muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru n’Amajyepfo.

Cardinal Charles Lavigerie (1825–1892):

Umufaransa, washinze Abamisiyoneri b’Afurika (White Fathers), bagite uruhare rukomeye mu iyogezabutumwa muri Afurika. Uyu mwogezabutumwa kandi yagaragaye no mu rugamba rwo kurwanya ubucakara

Mutagatifu Daniel Comboni (1831–1881):

Umutaliyani w’umuyezuwite , yibanze ku iyogezabutumwa muri Afurika yo hagati, ashinga n’umuryango w’abamisiyoneri ba Camboni.

Mgr Jean Joseph Hirth (1854–1931),

Umupadiri ukomo ka mu gihugu cy’ubufransa wo mu bamisiyoneri b’Afurika (Pères Blancs) waje kuba Umwepisikopi. Uyu azwi cyane nk’uwashinze Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda. Yamenyekanye nk’“Umubyeyi wa Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda”, kuko ari we watangije ivugabutumwa mu Rwanda ryaje gukura rikagera ku rwego rw’igihugu.

Muri makw bogezabutumwa bo ku mugabane w’Iburayi bagize uruhare rukomeye mu gukwirakwiza ubukristu ku isi, binyuze mu ivugabutumwa, amashuri, amavuriro, n’imibanire n’ubukoloni. Ubutumwa bakoze nibwo bwatumye umubare w’abakristu waragiye uzamuka ku isi, cyane cyane muri Afurika, Aziya, na Amerika y’Amajyepfo.

II.Ubuhakanyi karundura

Amakuru y’urugero ubu buhakanamana bugezweho yabaye kimomo, kandi akomeje gutangazwa n’ibinyamakuru binyuranye ku iSI, by’umwihariko abakristu basengera hirya no hino muri diyoseze Gatolika ya Ruhengeri, makuru y’ubu buhakanyi abageraho binyuze ku b’abasaserdote babo bakorera ubutumwa ku mugabane w’uburayi, benshi muri bo bakaba bariyo mu rwego rw’amasomo

Muri rusange aya makuru agaragaza ko kuri ubu kuri uyu mugabane hari:

Kutitabira ibikorwa by’amadini, Kwiyongera kw’abivuga ko ari abahakanamana

Mu Burayi bw’Uburengerazuba, abantu benshi ntibajya mu misa cyangwa mu bikorwa by’idini. Mu bihugu nka Suède, Danemarke, n’u Bwongereza, abavuga ubwabo ko ari “abadafite idini” barenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’abaturage.

Mu bihugu byahoze bifatwa nk’“ibya gikristu cyane” nka Irlande na Pologne, hari ukwiyongera kw’abavuga ko batemera Imana. Nko muri Pologne ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko muri iki gihe abatagira idini bari hagati ya 10-15% mu rubyiruko, naho muri Irland, muri 2022, ubushakashatsi bwemeza ko 14% by’abatuye iki gihugu ari abemeza ko nta dini bagira

Ishingwa ry’Imiryango y’abahakana Imana

Hari amashyirahamwe n’imiryango y’abahakana Imana igaragara mu ruhame, ikora ibikorwa byo kwigisha, kwandika, no kwamamaza ubuhakanamana, Twavuga nka:

Atheist Alliance International

Ifite ibiro n’abanyamuryango mu bihugu bitandukanye by’i Burayi (nko mu Bwongereza na Croatie). Iri ni ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’abahakanamana rifite Ubuyobozi mu rwego rw’Isi rigasyigikira abahakanamana bari mu kaga, kandi rigatanga uburezi ku bijyanye n’ubuhakanama.

Conway Hall Ethical Society
Riherereye mu gihugu cy’ Ubwongereza. Ikora ibikorwa byo guteza imbere indangagaciro zishingiye ku bwenge n’ubumenyi, idashingiye ku Mana cyangwa ku nyigisho z’amadini.

Atheist Association of Finland
Ni yo muri Finland. Iri ni ishyirahamwe ry’abahakanamana rikora ibikorwa byo kwamamaza sekilizasiyo ( Ikwikura kwa za Leta mu bijyanye n’iyobokamana) , rikigisha abaturage ku bijyanye n’ubuhakanama.

British Humanist Association (BHA)
Iri izwi nka Humanists UK, ni umuryango ukomeye mu Bwongereza uharanira uburenganzira bw’abatagira idini n’abahakanamana, ukamamaza indangagaciro za sekularizasiya n’ubuzima bwiza budashingiye ku kwemera kw’amadini.

Sekularizasiya mu miyoborere:

Leta nyinshi z’Uburayi zishyira idini ku ruhande mu byemezo bya politiki, bigatuma ubuhakanamana bibworohera kwigaragaza.

Kugaragara mu ruhame:

Abahakana Imana batangiye kwigaragaza mu ruhame, mu bitangazamakuru no mu nyandiko z’ubushakashatsi, bigaragaza ko ubuhakanamana butakiri ibintu bihishwe.

Tubabwire ko

Ikigo Gallup International mu bushakashatsi bwo mu 2025 Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu bihugu 42 ku isi, bufata abantu hafi 43,000 cyerekanye ko ku rwego rw’isi 55% by’abaturage biyemerera ko ari abemera, 30% bavuga ko batari abemera, naho 10% biyemerera nk’abahakanamana b’ukuri. Ibi bigaragaza igabanuka ry’iyobokamana n’izamuka ry’ubuhakanama mu myaka 20 ishize.

Ibi bivuze ko :

-Iyobokamana riragabanuka: Ugereranyije n’imyaka 20 ishize, igipimo cy’abiyemerera nk’abemera cyagabanutse.
– Ubuhakanama buriyongera: Abiyemerera nk’abahakanamana b’ukuri biyongereye, nubwo ku rwego rw’isi bakomeza kubab bake ugereranyije n’abakristu n’abayisilamu.

– Itandukaniro rishingiye ku karere: Mu bihugu by’i Burayi n’Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, ubuhakanama n’abatagira idini bakomeje kwiyongera. Mu bihugu bya Afurika na Aziya, iyobokamana riracyakomeye

III.Impamvu y’ihakamana

Mu Burayi, impamvu nyamukuru zituma abantu benshi batacyemera Imana zishingiye ku mateka y’iyobokamana, iterambere ry’ubumenyi n’imibereho y’iki gihe.

Amateka y’iyobokamana:

Mu Burayi habaye intambara nyinshi zishingiye ku idini (nk’intambara z’abapapa n’abami, cyangwa iz’abaporo na katolika). Ibi byatumye bamwe batakaza icyizere mu matorero no mu myizerere y’idini.

Iterambere ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga

Kuva mu gihe cy’“Enlightenment” (mu kinyejana cya 17–18), abahanga nka Voltaire, Kant n’abandi bashyize imbere ubumenyi n’ubwenge bw’umuntu kurusha kwemera gusa ibyo idini rivuga. Ibi byatumye abantu benshi bagira imyumvire ishingiye ku bushakashatsi aho kwishingikiriza ku kwemera.

Sekularizasiya (Kureka idini mu buzima bwa Leta)

Leta nyinshi z’i Burayi zashyizeho politiki zitandukanya idini n’ubutegetsi. Ibi byatumye idini ritakigira ijambo rikomeye mu burezi, mu mategeko no mu buzima rusange.

Imibereho y’iki gihe
:
Mu bihugu byinshi by’i Burayi, abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza (ubukungu, ubuvuzi, uburezi). Kubera ko batagifite impungenge nyinshi z’ubuzima cyangwa inzara, bamwe bumva ko gukenera Imana atari ngombwa.

Kwigenga ku giti cy’umuntu
Umuco wo kwishyira ukizana no guhitamo ku giti cy’umuntu (individualism) urakomeye mu Burayi. Abantu benshi bahitamo kwiyobora mu buzima bwabo aho kwishingikiriza ku mabwiriza y’idini

IV.Ubuhakanamana mu gihe kiri imbere

Ubuhakanama ku isi buzagenda bwiyongera mu bihugu byinshi byateye imbere, ariko ku rwego rw’isi abahakanamamana ntibazaruta ubwinshi abo mu madini ya gikristu na Islam.

Ibi ni ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ibigo Pew Research na Gallup mu bihe bitandukanye.

Dore imwe mu mibare yatanzwe n’ubu bushakashati ku byerekeye n’imiterere y’amadini mu myaka iri mbere

Ubushakashatsi bwa Pew Research (2015 projections)
Bwerekanye ko kugeza mu 2050, abayisilamu bazaba bari hafi kungana mu mibare n’abakristu, mu gihe abatagira idini (harimo abahakanamana) bazagabanuka ugereranyije n’imibare y’abaturage ku isi.

Ko abakristu bazakomeza kuba itsinda rinini ku isi, ariko ijanisha ryabo mu baturage bose batuye Isi rizagabanuka gake.

Ngo Abayisilamu bo bazakura vuba kurusha abandi. Byitezwe ko mu 2050 umubare wabo uzaba wegeranye n’abakristu, kandi mu bihugu bimwe bazaba benshi kurusha abakristu.

– Abatagira idini (atheists, agnostics, secular): Nubwo baziyongera mu bihugu by’i Burayi n’Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, ku rwego rw’isi bazagabanuka ugereranyije n’imibare y’abaturage.

– Afurika: Izaba ari moteri y’izamuka ry’amadini, cyane cyane ubukristu n’ubuyisilamu, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage.

– Ubuhindu n’Ububuda: Bizaguma bikomeye mu bihugu by’Aziya, ariko ntibizakure ku rwego mpuzamahanga nk’ubukristu n’ubuyisilamu.

– Judaism: Izaguma ari idini rito ku isi, ariko izakomeza kugira imbaraga mu bihugu nka Israel na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Iby’ingenzi byagaragajwe na World Atlas

– Ubuhakanama ntibufite ideoloji, ingengabitekerezo imwe ihuriweho: Nubwo abahakanamana bose bahuriza ku kutemera Imana, nta nyigisho imwe ihuriweho, bigatuma bigorana kumenya neza imibare yabo ku isi.

– Imibare iratandukanye bitewe n’ubushakashatsi: anketi zitandukanye zerekana imibare itandukanye y’abahakanamana, bigaragaza ko ari ikibazo gikomeye mu kubarura neza abatagira idini.

– Ubuhakanama buziyongera mu bihugu byateye imbere: Mu Burayi, Aziya y’Uburasirazuba (nko mu Bushinwa, Korea y’Epfo, Hong Kong), no muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, abahakanamana n’abatagira idini bazakomeza kwiyongera.

– Ku rwego rw’isi: Nubwo baziyongera mu bihugu bimwe, mu rwego rw’Isi bazagabanuka ugereranyije n’imibare y’abaturage, kuko ubukristu n’ubuyisilamu bikura vuba cyane.

Tubabwire ko benshi mubaganiriye n’ umunyamakuru wa Virungaa Today bemeza ko amadini agira uruhare rukomeye mu gukemura ibibazo by’Isi binyuze mu guha abantu indangagaciro, gushyigikira amahoro, no guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubutabazi.

Nubwo hari abavuga ko iyobokamana atari ngombwa kugira ngo Isi ibe nziza, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko amadini akomeje kugira uruhare mu guhuza abantu no gukemura ibibazo bikomeye nk’ubusumbane, amakimbirane, n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

Mu yandi magambo Amadini agira uruhare mu guhuza abantu, kurwanya ubusumbane, no guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage.

Nubwo Iyobokamana atari ngombwa kuri bose, ariko rifasha benshi kubona indangagaciro n’ubuzima bufite icyerekezo.

Isi izarushaho kuba nziza rero igihe amadini n’imiryango idashingiye ku madini bikorana mu gukemura ibibazo by’Isi.