Ibiza: Ubukangurambaga ku buryo bwo kwirinda kwibasirwa n’inkuba nka kimwe mu bisubizo byo kugabanya imfu zikomoka ku biza biterwa n’inkuba mu Rwanda
Mu Rwanda, inkuba zikomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye kuko ibiza zikurura bikomeje guhitana umubare munini w’abanyarwanda. Nkubwo mu mezi ane gusa ya 2026 zahitanye abantu 49, zikomeretsa abagera ku 160, zica inka 72. Imibare igaragaza kandi ko kuva mu 2016 kugeza muri Mutarama 2026, inkuba zahitanye abantu barenga 560 zikomeretsa abarenga 1,500. impamvu nyamukuru y’izi mfu akaba ari imvura nyinshi yaguye ivanze n’inkuba hafi mu gihugu hose.
Ibi bikomeje kubaho nyamara bizwi ko hari uburyo bwizewe kandi bwemejwe n’abahanga bwo kwirinda kuba wakubitwa n’inkuba, hakaba hibazwa impamvu benshi mu banyarwanda bakomeje kwitwara nk’abiyahuzi, bagakora cyangwa bakagaragara mu bikorwa bibashyira mu byago byo gukubitwa n’inkuba, aka ya nkoko yagiye kubika agaca kayireba.
Muri iyi nkuru umunyamakuru wa Virunga Today arongera kugaruka kuri iki kibazo giterwa n’inkuba, agaragaze icyo we yabona cyagabanya ubukana bw’iki kiza cyane ko ikigo cy’igihugu cyita ku bumenyi bw’ikirere kigaragaza ko turimo kwegera ibihe bya El Nino, ibihe biba byiganjemo imvura irimo inkuba n’imirabyo.
Hari uburyo bworoshye kandi bwizewe bwakurinda gukubitwa n’inkuba
Inkuba ni amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi cyane ava mu kirere (mu bicu) akagera ku butaka cyangwa ku kintu kiri ku butaka.
Ku bw’ibyo rero ishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye ku bantu, inyubako, ibiti, n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.
Ibikorwa byose byo kwirinda inkuba bishingiye ku kugendera kure ibintu byose byorohereza itembera ry’umuriro w’amashanyarazi ( bons conducteurs d’electricité) mu gihe cy’imvura irimo inkuba cyangwa ishobora kuzamo mu buryo butunguranye ndetse no kwirinda ahantu, ibyanya nabyo byorohereza gukubitwa n’inkuba.
Dore ibyo bintu byorohereza inkuba muri rusange dukunze guhura nabyo.
- Amazi yo ku butaka ( l’eau de surface)
Amazi yo mu butaka ni amazi aba mu butaka, akomoka ku mvura cyangwa ku mazi yandi yinjira mu butaka. Bene aya mazi afite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi, cyane cyane iyo arimo umunyu cyangwa ibindi binyabutabire nk’imyunyu ngugu.
Kubera iyo mpamvu kugira wirinde gukubitwa n’inkuba mu gihe cy’imvura ugomba:
1.Kwirinda gukandagira cyangwa gukinira mu mazi wiruka mu gihe cy’imvura irimo inkuba, ahubwo igihe imvura irimo inkuba igusanze muri aka gace ugomba guhunga aka gace mu buryo bwihuse.
2. Kwirinda kwegera za piscine, imigezi cyangwa ibiyaga. Hafi y’aha hantu tuvuze, mu gihe inkuba ikubise, hirema inziga z’anashanyarazi( champ électrique), bityo inkuba ikubita mu mazi cyangwa hafi yaho ikwirakwira vuba, ikagera no ku butaka bwegereye ikiyaga, umugezi cyangwa piscine.
3. Kwirinda gukorakora mu mazi igihe uri mu nzu cyangwa kujya muri douche mu gihe cy’imvura irimo inkuba. Igihe inkuba ikubise hafi y’inzu cyangwa mu muyoboro w’amazi, amashanyarazi ashobora kunyura mu mazi akagera ku muntu uri kuyakoresha.
2. Umubiri w’umuntu n ‘inyamaswa (le corps humains et les animaux)
Inkuba ikunda gukubita ibinyabuzima kuko bigizwe n’amazi menshi (≈ 60% ku muntu, ndetse no ku nyamaswa), byongeye kandi umubiri wacu ubamo imyunyu ngugu (umunyu, potassium, calcium, chloride) bituma umubiri w’umuntu urushaho kuba inzira nziza y’amashanyarazi. Niyo mpamvu mpamvu rero mu gihe cy’imvura uburyo bwizewe bwo kwirinda gukubitwa n’inkuba ari ukuguma mu nzu.
3. Ibiti n’ibimera (arbres et vegetation)
Ibiti n’ibimera bigira amatembabuzi (sève) atwara amashanyarazi. Kubera ko ibiti ari birebire, inkuba ikunze kubyifashisha nk’inzira yihuse igera ku butaka. Ibimera nabyo bifite amazi menshi imbere, bigatuma bishobora gutwara amashanyarazi.
Inama z’ingenzi mu gihe cy’imvura
– Kwirinda guhungira imvura munsi munsi y’igiti.
– Kugendera kure ibiti birebire.
– Kwirinda ibimera biteye ahantu hagari, nk’imirima y’amasaka cyangwa y’ibigori.
4. Amoko anyuranye y’ibyuma ( métaux)
Ibyuma byo hanze ( Umuringa, aluminium, fer na acier) biba mu ku nzitiro , amapoto, ibisenge cyangwa mu nyubako, ntibakurura inkuba mu buryo bwihariye, ariko iyo igeze ku butaka, bihita biyiyobora ku ntera ndende.
Insinga n’imiyoboro: Imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, insinga za telefoni n’imiyoboro y’amazi ikozwe mu byuma mu nzu bishobora kwinjiza umuriro w’inkuba imbere mu nyubako.
Inama z’ingenzi mu gihe cy’imvura
-Kwirinda gukora cyangwa kwegera ibyuma byose, yaba ari insinga, amapoto, antennes, imiyoboro y’amazi y’icyuma cyangwa ibikoresho byose bikozwe mu cyuma. Ku banyamaguru bari hanze, bagomba kwitandukanya n’ibyuma byose, ntibegere amapoto cyangwa insinga, kandi niba nta hantu hakingiwe hari hafi, bakicara hasi bapfukamye batagundiriye ubutaka
-Abari mu nzu nabo ntibakwiye gukoraho ibyuma bifatanye n’amashanyarazi cyangwa imiyoboro y’amazi. Ku bari mu modoka, imodoka ifunze neza irinda inkuba kuko ikora nk’“cage de Faraday” ituma amashanyarazi anyura ku ibati ryayo akagera hasi, ariko ntibakwiye gukora ku ibyuma byo imbere mu modoka. Ku bafite amagare, bagomba guhita bayavaho, bakashaka ahantu hakingiwe .
– kurindisha inzu cyane cyane izihuriramo n’abantu benshi imirindankuba
5. Ahandi hantu hakurura inkuba
Imisozi miremire n’udusozi tugufi
Ahantu hahanamye kandi hafite ubutumburuke bwo hejuru bikurura inkuba kubera ko ari udusongero (“points élevés”) tworohereza inkuba kugera ku butaka.
Ibibaya n’imibande ifunguye
Imibande n’ibibaya bifunguye, mu mirima, ahantu hatari biti, nta nyubako, bituma umuntu cyangwa igikoresho kiri muri iyo mibande kiba ari cyo kigaragara nk’agasongero igihe inkuba ikubise , biyibera inzira yihuse yo kugera ku butaka nk’uko twabivuze haruguru.
Inama mu gihe cy’imvura irimo inkuba
– Kugama mu nzu: Iyo uri mu misozi cyangwa mu mibande, ugomba gushaka inzu yo kugamamo.
– Kugendera kure ibibaya bifunguye n’ahantu hafunguye : Ntuhagarare mu kibaya gifunguye mu gihe cy’imvura ikubye. cyangwa se ngo ugume mu isoko, ahantu hateraniye abantu benshi.
– Kwirinda imibannde: Ntuhagarare mu murima w’imibannde cyangwa mu butaka bwambaye ubusa.
Ni yihe mpamvu abanyarwanda bakomeje guhitanwa n’ibiza bituruka ku nkuba
Mu Rwanda hari ingero nyinshi zigaragaza uko abaturage cyangwa amatungo bakubiswe n’inkuba mu gihe bari mu bikorwa bisanzwe, nk’ubuhinzi, kugama mu tuzu duto, cyangwa amatungo ari mu rwuri. Ibi byerekana ko ibikorwa bya buri munsi bishobora guhinduka ibyago bikomeye mu gihe cy’imvura n’imirabyo.
Ibi ariko ntibyakagombye kubaho, ngo igihugu gikomeze gutakaza abantu benshi iyo habagaho gukurikiza inama tugirwa zo kwirinda ibiza by’inkuba.
Hari ingero twatanga:
1. Ngoma – Jarama (Mutarama 2026): Inkuba yakubise abaturage 18 bari bagiye guhinga mu kibaya cy’Akagera. Imvura iguye bahungiye mu kazu k’imboni z’umutekano kugira ngo bugame, ariko inkuba irabakubita , icyenda bahita bapfa (abagabo 6 n’abagore 3).
Impamvu inkuba yakubise aba b’i Jarama ni ukuba bari ahantu hafunguye (ikibaya cy’Akagera) , hafi y’uruzi. Byongeye kandi kwibumbira hamwe mu kazu (Bari abantu 18 begeranye mu kazu gato) , byatumye inkuba ikwirakwira mu mubiri wabo icyarimwe.
2.Kirehe – Mpanga (Gicurasi 2026): Inkuba yakubise amatungo y’umuturage Mutarambirwa Patrick ari mu rwuri. Inka 15 n’intama 18 zahise zipfa.
Ku bijyanye n’amatungo ya Mpanga (Kirehe), Inkuba yakubise amatungo ari ahantu hagutse, aya matungo yari yegeranye mu butaka bwuzuye amazi.
Rutsiro, Rubavu na Burera (Gicurasi 2026): Inkuba yishe abantu 7 ku munsi umwe; 3 muri Rutsiro, 2 muri Rubavu, na 2 muri Burera. Abenshi bari mu mirimo yo hanze cyangwa bari mu nzira.
Abaturage ntibahagaritse akazi mu gihe cy’imvura n’imirabyo abandi bakomeza ingendo zabo mu gihe cy’imvura irimo inkuba.
Hakorwe iki ?
Ukurikije rero uburemere bw’ikibazo cy’ibiza dukomeje gukururirwa n’inkuba birakwiye ko hagira igikorwa mu maguru mashya kugira ngo hahagarikwe ubukana bw’iki kiza. Dore rero ibyagakwiye gukorwa n’inzego zinyuranye mu rwego rwo gukumira iki kiza.
Ubukangurambaga
Byaragaragaye ko ubukangurambaga bwo kwirinda inkuba bukorwa gusa nyuma y’uko abantu bamaze gukubitwa nazo, aho kuba igikorwa gihoraho. Ibi bituma abaturage bakomeza kwishora mu bikorwa bibashyira mu kaga, ndetse magingo aya hakaba hari n’ibigo by’amashuri bitinyuka gusezerera abana ku ishuri mu gihe harikiri imvura yumvikanamo inkuba n’imirabyo.
Bityo rero hari hakwiye kubaho:
- Gahunda ihoraho mu mashuri: Abana bigishwa hakiri kare uko bakwirinda inkuba, kugira ngo bazajye babibwira n’ababyeyi.
- Amahugurwa mu midugudu: Gutegura imyitozo y’abaturage ku ngamba zo kwirinda inkuba, nk’uko bikorwa ku bindi biza.
- Guha abaturage hakiri kare amakuru ku bihe bishobora kurangwamo imvura irimo inkuba n’imirabyoe: Gukoresha radio, telefoni n’itangazamakuru mu kuburira abaturage mbere y’uko imvura n’imirabyo bigwa.
- Imirindankuba ku nyubako: Gushyira imirandankuba ku mashuri, ibitaro, n’amazu y’abaturage kugira ngo inkuba iyoborwe mu butaka.
Bimwe mu bibazo bikunze kwibazwa ku nkuba
- Ese inkuba ishobora gukubita umuntu nyuma y’umwanya imvura yahise ?
Abahanga bavuga ko inkuba ishobora gukubita mu gihe cy’iminota 30 nyuma y’uko imvura ihise. Ibi biterwa n’uko amashanyarazi y’inkuba akomeza kuba mu kirere igihe gito nyuma y’imvura. Bityo, gukomeza kwirinda no kugama mu nzu cyangwa mu modoka ni ngombwa kugeza igihe inkuba zose zicogoye.
2. Ni ubuhe buryo inkuba ikubitamo umuntu
Inkuba ikubita umuntu mu buryo bubiri, aho ubwa mbere umurabyo umanuka uva mu kirere ukamumanukiramo mbere yo kwinjira mu butaka, ubwa kabiri bukaba ubwo gufatwa n’amashanyarazi y’inkuba yageze ku butaka agatangira kugenda umurambararo nk’uko umuntu yakandagira urutsinga(rwa REG) rushishuye. Kumanukirwamo n’inkuba ivuye mu kirere ntibikunze cyane nko gufatwa n’amashanyarazi yayo agendagenda ku butaka
3. Wabyifatamo ute imvura irimo inkuba igusanze ahantu udashobora kubona ubwugamo ?
ari uburyo bita ” Lightning Safety Position”.Nni uburyo umuntu akwiye kwicara cyangwa guhagarara igihe ari hanze mu gihe hari inkuba, kugira ngo agabanye ibyago byo gukubitwa nayo.
Dore uko bikorwa:
– Kwicara hasi: Ugomba kwicara ku birenge byawe, ugakora nk’utunze ibibero ku bibero, kugira ngo ugabanye aho umubiri uhuza n’ubutaka.
– Gukoranya ibirenge: Ibirenge bigomba gukoranyaho, kugira ngo amashanyarazi y’inkuba atinjira mu mubiri mu buryo bwagutse.
– Kugonda umutwe: Utegura umubiri mu buryo bwicishije bugufi, ugakora nk’uwicishije umutwe hagati y’amaboko.
– Kwirinda guzikama hasi: Ntukaryame cyangwa ngo uzikame hasi, kuko ibyo byongera aho amashanyarazi ashobora guca mu mubiri.
4. Ese inkuba zose zigera ku butaka ?
Oya, si inkuba zose zikubita ku butaka. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’inkuba:
-Inkuba ziri mu gicu gusa (intra-nuage): Ziba hagati y’ibice bitandukanye by’igicu kimwe cyangwa hagati y’ibicu bibiri. Ntizigera zimanuka ku butaka, bityo ku bantu ntiziba zifite ingaruka. Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko hafi ya 80% by’inkuba ari zo zo mu gicu gusa, ni ukuvuga ko nyinshi muri zo zidahitana abantu.
–Inkuba ziva mu gicu zigakubita ku butaka (nuage-sol):Ziva mu gicu zikagera ku butaka cyangwa ku bintu birebire (ibiti, inyubako, insinga).Ni zo zifite ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu n’ibinyabuzima, kuko zishobora gutera impanuka zikomeye.
5. Kuki inkuba idashobora kubyazwa ingufu z’amashanyarazi?
6.Ibiti birebire hafi y’inyubako bigira ngaruka ku biza biterwa n’inkuba ?
Inyubako iri mu gicucu cy’igiti cyangwa umunara iba ifite amahirwe make yo gukubitwa n’inkuba, ariko ntibivuze ko irinzwe 100% kuko amashanyarazi kuko inkuba ishobora gukwirakwira mu butaka cyangwa mu nsinga z’amashanyarazi ikagera ku nzu.
Twifashihsije : www.bfb.cipi.ch.fr, www.wikipedia.fr na www. alloprof.fr
Inkuru bifitanye isano: