Iby’ingenzi wamenya ku muyoboro wa Hormoz ukomeje kuba isibaniro mu ntambara Amerika na Israel byatangije kuri Iran

Intambara hagati ya Amerika, Israel na Iran yatangiye ku wa 28 Gashyantare 2026 ubwo ibitero bikomeye byagabwe kuri Iran byahitanye Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Umuyobozi w’ikirenga wa Iran n’abandi bayobozi bakuru bo muri iki gihugu , bigasenya ibikorwaremezo byinshi birimo n’ibya gisirikare. Amerika na Israel bavugaga ko intego ari uguca intege ubutegetsi bwa Tehran, guhagarika gahunda yayo ya nikleyeri no kurwanya uburyo Iran ishyigikira imitwe yitwaje intwaro nka Hezbollah muri Liban na Houtis muri Yemen.

Iran yahise yihorera, irasa missiles na drones ku birindiro bya Amerika muri Qatar, Bahrain na Kuwait ndetse no ku butaka bwa Israel. Ibi byahise bihungabanya inzira y’ubwikorezi mu nyanja, cyane cyane Umuyoboro wa Hormoz.
Virunga Today yahisemo kubabwira iby’ingenzi kuri uyu muyoboro kubera uruhare ugira mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, n’uko umutekano muke cyangwa ifungwa ryawo bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bw’isi.

Umuyoboro (Detroit,Strait)  wa Hormoz

Umuyoboro  wa Hormoz  ( Detroit D’Hormoz bivuga umuyoboro  w’amazi uhuza ibice bibiri) uherereye hagati ya Iran ku majyaruguru n’Oman ku majyepfo, ukegeranye n’Emirates Arabes Unis. Uhuza Gulf ya Persia n’Inyanja ya Oman, bityo ukaba inzira yonyine amavuta ava mu bihugu bya Gulf anyuramo ajya mu Nyanja y’Abahinde no ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Ufite uburebure bugera kuri kilometero 39 mu gice gito cyane, ubugari bwa kilometero 50–60 mu bice binini, n’ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 60–80 bikemerera amato manini y’amavuta kunyura.

Igice kinini cy’iyi inzira ikomeye y’ubwikorezi kiri mu mazi ya Oman, ari nayo ituma inzira ikomeza gufunguka ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Iran nayo ifite uburenganzira ku gice cyayo, ariko ikunze gukoresha Hormoz nk’intwaro ya politiki.

Imicungire y’uyu muyoboro igengwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga yiswe United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), yemeza ko inzira nk’izi zigomba gufungurwa ku bwikorezi mpuzamahanga. Ibi ntibireba gusa amato atwara ibicuruzwa, ahubwo binareba gutwara abantu: amato y’abagenzi n’andi mato y’ubwikorezi bw’abantu agomba kugendera ku mabwiriza ya UNCLOS, bivuze ko iyi inzira igengwa n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga kugira ngo ubwikorezi bw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa bukorwe mu mutekano no mu bwisanzure.

Mu mateka, Hormoz wakunze kuba inzira y’ibibazo n’intambara: mu kinyejana cya 16 Abaporutugali n’Abongereza nibo bawugenzuraga kubera akamaro kawo mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.

Mu ntambara ya Iran–Iraq (1980–1988) habaye “Tanker War” aho amato atwaye petrole yaraswagaho n’abari mu ntambara.

Mu mwaka wa 2019 Iran yafashe amato y’Abongereza yari anyuze muri uyu muyoboro ndetse no mu bihe bya vuba inzira yagiye ihungabana kubera amakimbirane hagati ya Iran n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba.

Ibi byerekana ko Hormoz ari inzira y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ariko ikomeje kuba ahantu h’akaga.

Akamaro k’Umuyoboro wa Hormoz mu bukungu bw’isi

Umuyoboro wa Hormoz ni inzira y’ingenzi mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ingufu. Hafi ya 20% by’amavuta y’isi yose anyuzwa muri uyu muyoboro buri munsi, ni ukuvuga hagati ya miliyoni 18–20 za barrels, utugunguru twa petroles.

Ibi bingana na hafi ya 25% by’ubwikorezi bwose bw’amavuta ku nyanja ku isi yose.

Amavuta anyuzwa muri Hormoz akomoka mu bihugu bya Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Qatar na UAE, kandi hafi ya 80% byayo yerekeza ku masoko yo muri Aziya.

Ubushinwa ni cyo gihugu cya mbere gikenera aya mavuta, bukurikirwa n’Ubuhinde, Koreya y’Epfo n’Ubuyapani.

Igice gito cy’amavuta yoherezwa mu Burayi, mu gihe Amerika ubu ikoresha bike cyane ugereranyije n’imyaka yashize, ariko iracyafite inyungu mu mutekano w’iyo nzira.

Uretse amavuta hari n’ibindi bicuruzwa binyuzwa muri Hormoz.

Twavuga:
– Gazi karemano (LNG): Qatar ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi mu kohereza gazi karemano, kandi Hormoz ni inzira yonyine igera ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
– Amafumbire: Bimwe mu bihugu bya Gulf bikora amafumbire akomoka ku gazi (urea, ammonia), nabyo bikanyuzwa muri Hormoz.
– Ibindi bicuruzwa: Harimo ibikoresho by’inganda, ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi n’ibyoroheje byoherezwa mu masoko yo muri Aziya n’Uburayi.

Muri make Umuyoboro wa Hormoz ni inzira y’ingenzi mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, bityo ibikorwa byose bitera umutekano muke muri kariya gace bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bw’isi. 

Nubwo muri iki gihe cy’intamabara Amerika yiyemeje gucunga umutekano w’amato anyura muri Hormoz, kugeza ubu amasosiyete menshi yahisemo guhagarika ibikorwa byayo by’ubwikorezi muri uyu muyoboro, bikaba ari byo bituma ibiciro by’amavuta bikomeza kwiyongera ku isoko mpuzamahanga.

 

Détroit d’Ormuz en chiffres _ Genially

Twifashishije: www.wikipedia.org