Dore amahame y’ingenzi umunyamakuru wifuza gukora kinyamwuga agomba kugenderaho
Itangazamakuru ryitwa ubutegetsi bwa kane kuko rifite inshingano zihariye zo kubungabunga demokarasi no kugenzura izindi nzego z’ubutegetsi.
Kugira ngo abanyamakuru bashobore gutunganya uyu murimo usaba ubwitange,bawukore kinyamwuga, bashyiriweho imirongo migari, amahame y’ingenzi bagombaga kugenderaho. Iyo bitabaye ibyo, hari byinshi byangirika bituma akazi bakora gatakarizwa icyizere, hakaba habaho no guhungabanya umutekano w’abantu n’ibyabo cyangwa se umunyamakuru akibona mu butabera aho ashobora gufatirwa ibihano ku byaha yaba akurikiranyweho bifitanye isano no kutita kuri ariya mahame.
Muri iyi nkuru Virunga Today iragaruka kuri ayo mahame y’ingenzi agenga umwuga w’itangazamakuru ku Isi hose.
1.Ihame ryo gushakisha ukuri no kuvuga ukuri (recherche de la vérité et la véracité)
Iyi ni inkingi ikomeye mu itangazamakuru ry’umwuga. Rihuza ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi: gushakisha ukuri (recherche de la vérité) no kuvuga ukuri (véracité).
- Gushaka ukuri (Recherche de la vérité)
Ni inshingano y’umunyamakuru yo gukora ubushakashatsi, kugenzura inkomoko y’amakuru, no kuyagereranya kugira ngo amenye ukuri nyako. Ibi bisaba :
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- Kugenzura ibimenyetso aho kwemera ibivugwa gusa.
- Kugisha inama inzobere mu gihe hari amakuru akomeye.
- Kwirinda guhubuka mu gutangaza inkuru itaragenzuwe.
Muri make umunyamakuru aba nk’umushakashatsi, akaba agomba gucukumbura kugeza abonye ukuri gushingiye ku bimenyetso.
- Kuvuga ukuri (Véracité)
Ni inshingano yo gutangaza amakuru nk’uko ari, nta kubogama cyangwa kuyagoreka.
Ibi bisaba:
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- Kwirinda gusebanya cyangwa guhindura ukuri ku nyungu runaka.
- Kuvuga ibintu uko byagenze n’ingaruka zabyo.
- Kugaragaza aho amakuru yaturutse kugira ngo abaturage babone ko ari ayizewe.
Muri make Umunyamakuru aba nk’umutangabuhamya, agomba kuvuga ukuri nk’uko yakubonye cyangwa yakagenzuye.
- Bituma itangazamakuru riba ijwi ry’ukuri mu muryango.
- Byongera icyizere cy’abaturage ku makuru batanga.
- Bifasha abaturage gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru yizewe.
- Birinda ko itangazamakuru rihinduka igikoresho cyo kubeshya cyangwa gusebanya.
2.Ihame ry ryo kwigenga (indépendance)
Ihame ry’ubwigenge mu itangazamakuru ni ubwisanzure bwo gukora akazi hatabayeho kwivanga kw’abategetsi, abikorera cyangwa abandi bafite inyungu.
Ibi bivuze ko umunyamakuru agomba kwirinda:
- Gukorera ku nyungu z’ishyaka rya politiki cyangwa umuyobozi runaka.
- Kugendera ku nyungu z’ubucuruzi cyangwa abamuteye inkunga.
- Kugoreka ukuri kugira ngo akomeze guhuza n’icyo abandi bashaka kumva.
Akamaro k’iri hame ni :
- Kongera icyizere cy’abaturage: Iyo abaturage bazi ko inkuru zitangazwa zidafite ubundi bugamije, bizamura icyizere ku itangazamakuru.
- Kurinda demokarasi: Itangazamakuru ryigenga rifasha abaturage kumenya ukuri, rikabaha ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru.
- Kurinda umunyamakuru ubwe: Iyo akora mu buryo bwigenga, aba afite ububasha bwo kwirinda guhatirwa gukora ibinyuranye n’amahame y’umwuga.
Muri make Ihame rya “independance” mu itangazamakuru risobanura ko umunyamakuru agomba gukora akazi ke adahutajwe cyangwa ngo ayoborwe n’inyungu z’undi muntu cyangwa urwego, ahubwo akubahiriza ukuri, amahame y’umwuga n’inyungu rusange z’abaturage.
3. Ubunyangamugayo (Integrité )
Ubunyangamugayo bisobanura kutagoreka ukuri, gukorera mu mucyo. Umunyamakuru agomba kuba umuntu wizera ko ibyo avuga ari byo koko, kandi akabivuga mu buryo buboneye.Ni ihame ryuzuzanya n’iry’ubwigenge, kuba wigenga ntibihagije, ugomba no kuba inyangamugayo mu byo utangaza.
Ibi bivuze ko umunyamakuru agomba:
- Gukoresha Ukuri n’ukuri gusa: Inkuru igomba gushingira ku bimenyetso bifatika, si ibihuha cyangwa ibitekerezo by’umunyamakuru gusa.
- Kwirinda gusebanya: Inkuru ikwiye kwirinda guharabika umuntu cyangwa ikigo nta bimenyetso bifatika.
- Kugendera ku ndangagaciro: Umunyamakuru akwiye kwirinda ruswa, guhabwa impano cyangwa inyungu zishobora kumubogamisha.
- Kugira inshingano ku baturage: Inkuru ikwiye gufasha abaturage kumenya ukuri no gufata ibyemezo byiza.
- Kugira ubupfura mu mvugo: kutavanga amagambo y’urwango cyangwa asebanya.
- Bituma itangazamakuru riba urwego rwizerwa mu muryango.
- Byongera icyizere cy’abaturage ku makuru batanga.
- Birinda ko umunyamakuru ahinduka igikoresho cy’inyungu z’abandi.
- Bituma umunyamakuru agira icyubahiro mu kazi ke.
4. Kurinda amasoko y’inkuru (protection des sources)
Iri hame ni inkingi ikomeye mu itangazamakuru ry’umwuga, igamije kurinda umunyamakuru n’abatanga amakuru kugira ngo ukuri kubone inzira yo kugera ku baturage.
Umunyamakuru agomba:
- Kurinda inkomoko y’amakuru bivuze ko umunyamakuru agomba guhisha cyangwa kurinda amazina n’ibimenyetso by’abamuhaye amakuru, igihe kubigaragaza byashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga cyangwa bikabatera ibibazo.
- Ni uburenganzira bw’umunyamakuru bwo kutagaragaza abamuhaye amakuru keretse mu gihe amategeko abimusaba mu buryo budasubirwaho.
Akamaro
- Kurinda abatanga amakuru: Abantu batanga amakuru akomeye (nko kugaragaza ruswa, ihohoterwa, cyangwa ibindi byaha) bashobora guhura n’ingaruka zikomeye.
- Kongera icyizere ku itangazamakuru: Iyo abaturage bazi ko umunyamakuru azabafasha guhisha amazina yabo, barushaho kumwizera no kumugezaho amakuru y’ukuri.
- Kurinda demokarasi: Itangazamakuru riba rifite ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza ibitagenda neza mu muryango, rikabikora ritabangamiye ababitangaje.
5. Kubaha ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu (Respect de la vie privée)
Mu itangazamakuru, ihame ryo kubaha ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu risobanurwa nk’ukuri ngenderwaho kigenga imikorere y’abanyamakuru kugira ngo batabangamira uburenganzira bw’abantu ku buzima bwabo bwite.
- Bireba cyane cyane:
- Kudatangaza amakuru y’ibanga (nk’amakuru y’ubuzima, ubukungu, cyangwa imibanire y’umuntu) keretse iyo bifite inyungu rusange.
- Kudafata amafoto cyangwa videwo mu buryo butemewe, cyane cyane mu gihe umuntu atabihaye uburenganzira.
- Kudakoresha amakuru y’umuntu mu nyungu z’itangazamakuru cyangwa izindi nyungu z’ubucuruzi atabizi.
- Kurinda uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu :Ubuzima bwite ni kimwe mu burenganzira bw’ingenzi bwemewe n’amategeko mpuzamahanga (nk’itegeko nshinga, amasezerano ya ONU ku burenganzira bwa muntu).
- Kongera icyizere mu itangazamakuru:Abaturage bagira icyizere ku itangazamakuru iyo babona ridakoresha amakuru yabo y’ibanga mu nyungu zaryo.
- Kwirinda ingaruka mbi:Gutangaza amakuru y’ibanga bishobora guteza ubugome, gusebanya, cyangwa guhangana mu muryango.
- Guhuza inyungu rusange n’uburenganzira bw’umuntu:Hari igihe inyungu rusange isaba ko amakuru amenyekana (nko mu byaha bikomeye cyangwa ibibazo by’ubuyobozi).Ariko ihame ryo kubaha ubuzima bwite rituma umunyamakuru ahitamo gupima neza: ni ayahe makuru agomba gutangazwa, ni ayahe agomba kugumishwa mu ibanga.
6. Uburinganire n’ubutabera ( équité )
Ihame rya équité ni ingenzi mu itangazamakuru kuko rituma buri ruhande rugaragara mu nkuru mu buryo bungana, rikabuza ivangura n’akarengane, kandi rikongera icyizere abaturage bagira ku itangazamakuru. IrI hame rishyira imbere uburinganire n’ubutabera mu nkuru z’itangazamakuru, umunyamakuru agomba guha amahirwe angana ku mpande zose zifite uruhare mu kibazo cyangwa mu nkuru.
Iri hame ni ingenzi kubera:
- Ririnda ubusumbane: ntihakwiye guhabwa ijambo uruhande rumwe gusa.
- Ririnda ivangura n’akarengane: buri wese agomba kubona amahirwe yo kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye.
- Rituma umunyamakuru aba inyangamugayo: abaturage babona ko itangazamakuru ritabogamye.
7. Inshingano ku nyungu rusange (responsabilité sociale )
Iri hame risaba umunyamakuru:
- Gukora akazi ke yibanda ku nyungu rusange z’abaturage, aho kwibanda gusa ku nyungu ze bwite cyangwa iz’ikigo akorera.
- Kwirinda inkuru zishobora guteza urujijo, guhemukira cyangwa guca intege rubanda. Muri make iri hame risobanura ko itangazamakuru rifite uruhare mu kubaka sosiyete ifite amakuru yizewe, ifite umucyo, kandi ifasha abaturage gufata ibyemezo byiza.
Akamaro kw’itangazamakuru
- Rituma inkuru ziba zifite akamaro ku baturage bose, ntizibe iz’ubucuruzi gusa cyangwa iz’inyungu z’abantu bake.
- Ririnda gukoresha itangazamakuru mu nyungu z’ivangura cyangwa z’ubucuruzi bwihariye.
- Rituma abaturage babona ko itangazamakuru ari urwego rufite inshingano ku nyungu rusange.
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