Ubuzima: Dore impamvu ku Isi hose abagore baramba kurusha abagabo

Mu rwego rw’Isi, abagore babaho imyaka iri hejuru y’abagabo, aho impuzandengo igaragaza ko abagore babaho imyaka 5–6 kurusha abagabo. Urugero ni mu  Rwanda  aho abagore bafite impuzandengo y’imyaka 70.6 mu gihe abagabo bafite imyaka 66.1 , bivuze   ko abagore babaho imyaka hafi 4.5 hejuru y’abagabo .Iri tandukaniro rishingiye ku mpamvu zitandukanye zirimo:Impamvu za kinyabuzima ( biologiques) , iz’imyitwarire n’imico ( comportements), n’iy’imibereho rusange  (Societales).

I. Impamvu za kinyabuzima ( biologiques)

1. Impamvu za chromosomes ( uturemangingo ndangasano)

Chromosome ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru ituma abagore barama kurusha abagabo. Abagore bafite X ebyiri (XX), kandi kuri X haboneka genes zirenga 1,000 zifite uruhare mu mikorere y’uturemangingo, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, n’imikorere y’ubwonko.  Kuba abagore bafite copies ebyiri bituma habaho uburyo bwo gukora backup: iyo X imwe igize ikibazo (mutation), indi ikomeza gukora neza ikagabanya ingaruka zakagombye kubaho .

Abagabo bafite X imwe na Y (XY), kandi Y chromosome ikubiyemo genes nke cyane (munsi ya 100), nyinshi zifitanye isano n’imyororokere gusa. Bityo ku bagabo nta buryo bwo gukora backup  bubaho, bigatuma indwara zifitanye isano na X zibagaragaraho cyane. Ibi byose bituma abagore bagira genetic resilience (ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira no kugabanya ingaruka z’imyitwarire ya genes) kurusha abagabo, bikaba kimwe mu bisobanuro cy’ukuntu abagore baramba kurusha abagabo. Byongeye kandi Y iba ifite uburebure buto ugereranije na X, ibi nabyo bigatuma abagabo bataramba ( reba igisobanuro hasi kuri telomere)

Mu magambo magufi: ubwinshi bwa genes kuri X, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gukora backup mu bagore, ni igisobanuro gikomeye cy’ukuntu abagore barama kurusha abagabo.

 

Uva ibumuso ujya iburyo, chromosome X na Chromosome Y kandi niyo iba ari nto ikagira na genes nkeya

Paire de chromosome XX

Paire de chromosome XY

2. Umusemburo mwiza wa Estrogen n’umusemburo nzana muze  wa Testosterone

Imisemburo ni kimwe mu mpamvu zituma abagore baramba kurusha abagabo. Mu bagore, hari umusemburo wa estrogen  bita uwa kigore ukaba ukora nk’umurinzi w’umutima n’imitsi, ukagabanya  cholesterol mbi (LDL) kandi ukongera cholesterol nziza (HDL), bityo ikarinda indwara z’umutima mu myaka yo hambere. Iyo estrogen ikiri nyinshi, abagore bagira uburinzi bwisumbuye ku ndwara zifata imitsi n’umutima, bigatuma baramba kurusha abagabo.

Ku rundi ruhande, mu bagabo hormone ya testosterone ishobora gutuma habaho umuvuduko mwinshi w’amaraso, cholesterol mbi nyinshi, ndetse ikongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima. Testosterone kandi ituma abagabo bakunda imyitwarire y’ubutwari (risk-taking), bikongera ibyago byo kugira impanuka cyangwa kwivuza bitinze. Ibi byose bituma ku mpuzandengo, abagore babaho imyaka irenga 5–7 kurusha abagabo, kuko imisemburo yabo ibaha uburinzi bw’imbere mu mubiri mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi mbere y’uko menopause itangira.

3.Uburebure bwa Telomere agace ka Chromosome

Telomere ni uduce  tuba ku mpera za chromosome, kandi uburebure bwatwo bugira uruhare mu kurinda DNA. Iyo uturemangingo twisubiza (cell division ), telomere igenda igabanuka aho kugira ngo igice nyamukuru cya DNA kigabanuke. Kuba telomere ndende bituma DNA ikomeza kurindwa igihe kirekire, bityo mutations (impinduka zidakenewe mu mikorere ya genes) ntizibone amahirwe yo kwigaragaza vuba. Iyo telomere igabanutse cyane ( racourcissement) , uturemangingo ntidukomeza kwisubiza neza, bigatuma DNA nyamukuru itangira kwangirika, bikongera ibyago byo gusaza (cellular aging) no kwibasirwa n’ indwara z’ubusaza.

Mu magambo magufi: telomere ndende zikora nk’inkingi z’umutekano, zigabanya amahirwe yo kubaho kwa mutations, bityo zigatuma umuntu asaza buhoro.

 

Chromosme X zigira telomere ndende Y zikangira ngufi

Uko umuntu agenda asaza niko telomere zigenda zigabanuka mu burebure, telomere ndende rero bifata igihe kinini ngo zigabanuke mu burebure

II. Impamvu z’imyitwarire n’imico ( comportements)

Imyitwarire n’imibereho nayo igira uruhare mu kinyuranyo cy’icyizere cyo kubaho ku bagore n’abagabo. Abagabo bakunze kugira imyitwarire yo kwigerezaho (risk-taking behavior) nko kunywa itabi, gukoresha inzoga nyinshi, gukora imirimo ifite ibyago byinshi, ndetse no kwitabira ibikorwa bishyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ibi byose bigabanya amahirwe yo kurama.

Abagore, ku rundi ruhande, bakunze kugira imyitwarire yita ku buzima, nko kwitabira ubuvuzi hakiri kare, kurya neza, no kwitabira ibikorwa byo kwirinda indwara. Imibereho y’abagore ikunze kuba ifitanye isano n’imiryango n’ubufatanye, bigatuma bagira social support ( ubufasha umuntu ahabwa n’abandi mu mirimo ye ya buri munsi)  ikomeye, nayo ikongerera amahirwe yo kurama.

Mu magambo magufi: imyitwarire yo kwigerezaho n’imibereho y’abagabo igabanya esperance de vie, mu gihe abagore bafite imyitwarire yita ku buzima n’ubufatanye bw’imibereho bibongerera amahirwe yo kurama kurusha abagabo.

 

Inzoga zirimo kanyanga mubizonga ubuzima bw’abagabo

Kwigeerzaho biranga abagabo bimwe mu bituma bakenyuka

III. Impamvu y’imibereho rusange (Societales)

Imibereho rusange yihariye ku bagore nayo igira uruhare mu kubongerera uburambe. Abagore bakunze kugira inkunga y’imibereho (social support) ikomeye binyuze mu muryango, inshuti, n’imibereho y’ubufatanye, bigatuma bagira ubuzima bwiza kandi bikarinda stress.

Usanga kandi bakunda kwitabira ubuvuzi (healthcare access) hakiri kare, bakajya kwa muganga mbere y’uko indwara ikura, bikabafasha gukumira indwara zidakira. Imibereho y’abagore ikunze kuba ifitanye isano n’imirimo itari ifite ibyago byinshi kurusha iy’abagabo, ndetse bakita cyane ku mirire n’isuku. Ibi byose bituma bagira amahirwe menshi yo kurama kurusha abagabo.

Naho abagabo bakunze gukora imirimo ifite ibyago byinshi nko mu nganda zikora ibyuma bikomeye, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, cyangwa mu gisirikare, aho bagira ibyago byinshi byo kugira impanuka cyangwa indwara ziterwa n’akazi.

Hari kandi n’imibereho yihariye yo kudakunda gusangira ibibazo cyangwa gushaka inkunga y’imibereho (social support), bigatuma stress n’agahinda bibageraho cyane. Usanga kandi abagabo bakunda kwirengagiza kwitabira ubuvuzi (healthcare access) hakiri kare, bakajya kwa muganga ari uko indwara ikomeye, bikongera ibyago byo gusaza vuba no kurwara indwara zidakira.

Mu Imyitwarire y’abagore muri sosiyete irangwa no kwiyoroshya, kwihangana no kwiyakira mu bifasha abagore kuramba

Abagabo nibo baboneka ku bwinshi  mu mirimo nk’iyi yo mu birombe ishyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga

Muri make uburambe bw’abagore buruta ubw’abagabo kubera imiterere y’umubiri ibarinda, imyitwarire yita ku buzima, n’imibereho rusange ibafasha, mu gihe abagabo bafite imisemburo, imyitwarire, n’imibereho bibashyira mu byago byo gusaza vuba.

Twifashishije : who.int,  data.worldbank.org na bbc.com